Measurement of Tongue Tip Velocity from Real-Time MRI and Phase-Contrast Cine-MRI in Consonant Production

We evaluate velocity of the tongue tip with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using two independent approaches. The first one consists in acquisition with a real-time technique in the mid-sagittal plane. Tracking of the tongue tip manually and with a computer vision method allows its trajectory to be found and the velocity to be calculated as the derivative of the coordinate. We also propose to use another approach&mdash
phase contrast MRI&mdash
which enables velocities of the moving tissues to be measured directly. We recorded the sound simultaneously with the MR acquisition which enabled us to make conclusions regarding the relation between the movements and the sound. We acquired the data from two French-speaking subjects articulating /tata/. The results of both methods are in qualitative agreement and are consistent with other reviewer techniques used for evaluation of the tongue tip velocity.