Nanoparticles And Human Saliva: A Step Towards Drug Delivery Systems For Dental And Craniofacial Biomaterials

Rafal Pokrowiecki,1–3 Jacek Wojnarowicz,4 Tomasz Zareba,2 Iwona Koltsov,4 Witold Lojkowski,4 Stefan Tyski,2,5 Agnieszka Mielczarek,6 Pawel Zawadzki1 1Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland; 3Private Practice, Warsaw, Poland; 4Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 6Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandCorrespondence: Agnieszka MielczarekDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Binieckiego 6, Warsaw 02-097, PolandTel +48 22 116 6446Fax +48 572 0154Email sekretariat.zachowawcza@wum.edu.plAim: The aims of this study were to investigate new nano-formulations based on ZnO and Ag nanoparticle (NP) compounds when used against clinical strains of oral gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and to examine the stability and behaviour of nano-formulation mixtures in saliva based on different compositions of Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and ZnO+x·Ag NPs. Methods: ZnO NPs with and without nanosilver were obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis. Then, antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacteria isolated from human saliva. Behavior and nanoparticle solutions were evaluated in human saliva and control (artificial saliva and deionized water). Results were statistically compared. Results: The NP mixtures had an average size of 30±3 nm, while the commercial Ag NPs had an average size of 55±5 nm. The suspensions displayed differing antibacterial activities and kinetics of destabilisation processes, depending on NPs composition and fluid types.Conclusion: The present study showed that all NPs suspensions displayed significant destabilisation and high destabilisation over the 24 h of the analyses. The agglomeration processes of NPs in human saliva can be reversible.Keywords: nanomaterials, controlled drug release, nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, bacteria