PI(5)P Regulates Autophagosome Biogenesis

Summary Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), the product of class III PI3K VPS34, recruits specific autophagic effectors, like WIPI2, during the initial steps of autophagosome biogenesis and thereby regulates canonical autophagy. However, mammalian cells can produce autophagosomes through enigmatic noncanonical VPS34-independent pathways. Here we show that PI(5)P can regulate autophagy via PI(3)P effectors and thereby identify a mechanistic explanation for forms of noncanonical autophagy. PI(5)P synthesis by the phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase PIKfyve was required for autophagosome biogenesis, and it increased levels of PI(5)P, stimulated autophagy, and reduced the levels of autophagic substrates. Inactivation of VPS34 impaired recruitment of WIPI2 and DFCP1 to autophagic precursors, reduced ATG5-ATG12 conjugation, and compromised autophagosome formation. However, these phenotypes were rescued by PI(5)P in VPS34-inactivated cells. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for alternative VPS34-independent autophagy-initiating pathways, like glucose starvation, and unravel a cytoplasmic function for PI(5)P, which previously has been linked predominantly to nuclear roles.
Graphical Abstract
Highlights • PI(5)P positively regulates autophagy • PI(5)P is associated with autophagy effectors that bind PI(3)P • PI(5)P sustains noncanonical autophagy in PI(3)P-depleted cells • PI(5)P is essential for VPS34-independent, glucose-starvation-induced autophagy
PI(3)P, the product of VPS34, regulates canonical autophagy; however, mammalian cells can produce autophagosomes through enigmatic noncanonical VPS34-independent pathways. Vicinanza et al. show that PI(5)P can regulate autophagy, even in cells where VPS34 is compromised and acts via PI(3)P effectors. This provides a mechanistic explanation for forms of noncanonical autophagy.