Back to Search Start Over

The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Authors :
Akinyemiju, Tomi
Abera, Semaw
Ahmed, Muktar
Alam, Noore
Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa
Allen, Christine
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amoako, Yaw
Artaman, Al
Ayele, Tadesse Awoke
Barac, Aleksandra
Bensenor, Isabela
Berhane, Adugnaw
Bhutta, Zulfiqar
Castillo-Rivas, Jacqueline
Chitheer, Abdulaal
Choi, Jee-Young
Cowie, Benjamin
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dey, Subhojit
Dicker, Daniel
Phuc, Huyen
Ekwueme, Donatus U.
Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
Fischer, Florian
Furst, Thomas
Hancock, Jamie
Hay, Simon I.
Hotez, Peter
Jee, Sun Ha
Kasaeian, Amir
Khader, Yousef
Khang, Young-Ho
Kumar, G. Anil
Kutz, Michael
Larson, Heidi
Lopez, Alan
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Malekzadeh, Reza
McAlinden, Colm
Meier, Toni
Mendoza, Walter
Mokdad, Ali
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Nagel, Gabriele
Nguyen, Quyen
Nguyen, Grant
Ogbo, Felix
Patton, George
Pereira, David M.
Pourmalek, Farshad
Qorbani, Mostafa
Radfar, Amir
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Salomon, Joshua A.
Sanabria, Juan
Sartorius, Benn
Satpathy, Maheswar
Sawhney, Monika
Sepanlou, Sadaf
Shackelford, Katya
Shore, Hirbo
Sun, Jiandong
Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
Topor-Madry, Roman
Tran, Bach
Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
Vlassov, Vasiliy
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vos, Theo
Wakayo, Tolassa
Weiderpass, Elisabete
Werdecker, Andrea
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa
Yu, Chuanhua
Zaidi, Zoubida
Zhu, Liguo
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Naghavi, Mohsen
Fitzmaurice, Christina
Publication Year :
2017
Publisher :
American Medical Association, 2017.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths globally. The most common causes for liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol use. OBJECTIVE To report results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study on primary liver cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 countries or territories from 1990 to 2015, and present global, regional, and national estimates on the burden of liver cancer attributable to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and an " other" group that encompasses residual causes. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS Mortalitywas estimated using vital registration and cancer registry data in an ensemble modeling approach. Single-cause mortality estimates were adjusted for all-cause mortality. Incidence was derived from mortality estimates and the mortality-to-incidence ratio. Through a systematic literature review, data on the proportions of liver cancer due to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and other causes were identified. Years of life lost were calculated by multiplying each death by a standard life expectancy. Prevalence was estimated using mortality-to-incidence ratio as surrogate for survival. Total prevalence was divided into 4 sequelae that were multiplied by disability weights to derive years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were the sum of years of life lost and YLDs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Liver cancer mortality, incidence, YLDs, years of life lost, DALYs by etiology, age, sex, country, and year. RESULTS There were 854 000 incident cases of liver cancer and 810 000 deaths globally in 2015, contributing to 20 578 000 DALYs. Cases of incident liver cancer increased by 75% between 1990 and 2015, of which 47% can be explained by changing population age structures, 35% by population growth, and -8% to changing age-specific incidence rates. The male-to-female ratio for age-standardized liver cancer mortality was 2.8. Globally, HBV accounted for 265 000 liver cancer deaths (33%), alcohol for 245 000 (30%), HCV for 167 000 (21%), and other causes for 133 000 (16%) deaths, with substantial variation between countries in the underlying etiologies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in many countries. Causes of liver cancer differ widely among populations. Our results show that most cases of liver cancer can be prevented through vaccination, antiviral treatment, safe blood transfusion and injection practices, as well as interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the identification and elimination of risk factors for liver cancer will be required to achieve a sustained reduction in liver cancer burden. The GBD study can be used to guide these prevention efforts.

Details

Language :
English
Database :
OpenAIRE
Accession number :
edsair.pmid.dedup....0761ece4aa09d538e74d5c0ea4805cbd