Association of atherosclerotic plaque features with collateral circulation status in elderly patients with chronic carotid stenosis

Objective To determine the association of carotid plaque features with collateral circulation status in elderly patients with moderate to severe carotid stenosis. Methods Elderly patients (> 60 years) with moderate to severe carotid stenosis were recruited and categorized into good and poor collateral circulation groups, and underwent magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography imaging. The carotid plaque features including lipid-rich necrotic core, intraplaque hemorrhage, calcification, and fibrous cap rupture (FCR) were evaluated, and maximum wall thickness, normalized wall index (NWI), and luminal stenosis were measured. The association between these variables and collateral circulation status was analyzed. Results Of the 97 patients (78 males, mean age: 69.0 ± 6.1 years), 19 (19.6%) had poor collaterals. The poor collateral group had a significantly higher NWI (93.7% ± 5.0% vs. 89.0% ± 7.9%, P = 0.011), a greater extent of stenosis (80.0% ± 11.4% vs. 75.3% ± 9.4%, P = 0.036) and FCR (84.2% vs. 55.1%, P = 0.020) compared with good collateral group. Carotid NWI (OR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.36–10.82, P = 0.011) and more FCR (OR = 6.77, 95% CI: 1.35–33.85, P = 0.020) were associated with poor collateral circulation after adjustment for the confounding factors. The combination of NWI, FCR, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides had the highest area-under-the-curve (AUC = 0.85) for detection of poor collaterals. Conclusions Carotid plaque features, specifically NWI and FCR, are independently associated with poor collateral circulation, and the combination of carotid plaque features and traditional risk factors has a stronger predictive value for poor collateral circulation than plaque features alone.