[Endoscopic argon plasma coagulation in recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula. Clinical series and review of the literature]

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (RTEF) is a complication that occurs in up to 15% of patients after esophageal atresia repair. The clinical features include coughing, aspiration, recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. Surgical treatment is recommended. However, since 1980, the endoscopic route has been used as a therapeutic alternative. Distinct techniques have been employed with an overall success rate of 63%.To evaluate a new endoscopic treatment for RTEF with argon plasma coagulation (APC).Six patients with RTEF treated with endoscopic APC between 2003 and 2007 at a single institution (Clinica Alemana, Santiago, Chile) were included. We also performed a systematic literature search. Nineteen articles were selected, with a total of 77 patients treated through the endoscopic route.Treatment was successful in 66% of the patients with a follow-up of more than 12 months. On average, the patients required two applications of APC. This success rate was similar to that reported in published series.Endoscopic treatment with APC in RTEF seems to be useful and easily applied. Because of the complexity of surgical treatment, we recommend endoscopic treatment as the first approach in patients with RTEF.