Correction of the angle of trunk inclination utilizing apical wiring techniques and concave rib osteotomy in adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis

Improving the angle of trunk inclination (ATI) is important for achieving optimum clinical deformity correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Three concave apical implant techniques were reviewed in combination with the use of concave rib osteotomies. Rib osteotomy improved the ATI correction significantly when using apical wiring techniques.