Development and application of light-controlled inducible recombination systems

The site-specific recombination systems are composed of recombinases and specific recognition sites, which are powerful tools for gene manipulation and have been extensively used in life sciences research. Inducible recombination systems have been developed to precisely regulate gene expression in a spatiotemporal manner in cells and animals for applications such as gene function research, cell lineage tracing and disease treatment. Based on different spatiotemporal expression methods of recombinases, inducible recombination systems can be divided into two categories: chemical- controlled and light-controlled inductions. Light-controlled inducible recombination systems that utilize light as inducer consist of photocage and optogenetics in accordance with optical control patterns and objects. Photocaged inducible recombination systems are using photosensitive groups to control chemical inducers or recombinases. Their activities are inhibited by photosensitive groups before light induction and recovered after specific light irradiation, leading to light-controlled inducible gene recombination. While optogenetic inducible recombination systems rely on reactivations of split recombinases that mediated by optogenetic switches. Optogenetic switches are composed of a series of gene-encoded photosensitive proteins, including cryptochromes, VIVID, phytochromes, etc. These types of light-controlled inducible recombination systems provide more possibilities for analyzing gene expression and function from the dimension of high spatiotemporal resolution to meet the increasingly complex demands of life science research. In this review, we summarize the developing principles and applications of different types of light-controlled inducible recombination systems, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and prospect the development of more light-controlled recombination systems in the future, with the aims to provide theoretical basis and guidance for system optimization and upgrade.位点特异性重组系统由重组酶和特异性识别位点两部分组成,是一种强大的基因操作工具,被广泛运用于生命科学研究。已开发的诱导型重组系统以时空方式精准调控细胞和动物的基因表达,被用于基因功能研究、细胞谱系示踪和疾病治疗等领域。根据诱导重组酶时空表达方式的不同,诱导型重组系统可分为化学诱导和光控诱导两种方式。光控诱导重组系统是利用光作为诱导剂,根据光控方式和对象的不同,可进一步分为光笼和光遗传学两类。光笼诱导重组系统是利用光敏基团来控制化学诱导剂或重组酶,光诱导前它们的活性被光敏基团抑制;在特定光照射后,它们的活性被恢复,进而实现光控诱导基因重组。光遗传学诱导重组系统是通过光遗传学开关介导分割型重组酶的重新激活来诱导基因重组。其中光遗传学开关由一系列基因编码的光敏蛋白组成,包括隐花色素、VIVID蛋白、光敏色素等。这些类型丰富的光控诱导重组系统为从高时空分辨率的维度解析基因的表达和功能提供了更多的工具,以满足日益复杂的生命科学研究需求。本文主要对不同类型光控诱导重组系统的开发原理及应用进行综述,比较其优缺点,最后对未来开发更多光控重组系统进行展望, 旨在为系统优化升级提供理论基础和指导。.