Biexponential T

BACKGROUND: Measuring T(1ρ) in the knee menisci can potentially be used as noninvasive biomarkers in detecting early-stage osteoarthritis (OA). PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of biexponential T(1ρ) relaxation mapping of human knee menisci. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: Eight healthy volunteers with no known inflammation, trauma, or pain in the knee and three symptomatic subjects with early knee OA. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Customized Turbo-FLASH sequence to acquire 3D-T(1ρ)-weighted images on a 3 T MRI scanner. ASSESSMENT: T(1ρ) relaxation values were assessed in 11 meniscal regions of interest (ROIs) using monoexponential and biexponential models. STATISTICAL TESTS: Nonparametric rank-sum tests, Kruskal–Wallis test, and coefficient of variation. RESULTS: The mean monoexponential T(1ρ) relaxation in the lateral menisci were 28.05 ± 4.2 msec and 37.06 ± 10.64 msec for healthy subjects and early knee OA patients, respectively, while the short and long components were 8.07 ± 0.5 msec and 72.35 ± 3.2 msec for healthy subjects and 2.63 ± 2.99 msec and 55.27 ± 24.76 msec for early knee OA patients, respectively. The mean monoexponential T(1ρ) relaxation in the medial menisci were 34.30 ± 3.8 msec and 37.26 ± 11.38 msec for healthy and OA patients, respectively, while the short and long components were 7.76 ± 0.7 msec and 72.19± 4.2 msec for healthy subjects and 3.06 ± 3.24 msec and 55.27 ± 24.59 msec for OA patients, respectively. Statistically significant (P≤ 0.05) differences were observed in the monoexponential relaxation between some of the ROIs. The T(1ρ,short) was significantly lower (P = 0.02) in the patients than controls. The rmsCV% ranges were 1.51–16.6%, 3.59–14.3%, and 4.91–15.6% for T(1ρ)-mono, T(1ρ)-short, and T(1ρ)-long, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION: Our results showed that in all ROIs, T(1ρ) relaxation times of outer zones (red zones) were less than inner zones (white zones). Monoexponential T(1ρ) was increased in medial, lateral, and body menisci of early OA while the biexponential numbers were decreased in early OA patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1