[Status and challenges of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma]

With the development of modern liver surgical techniques and the progress of perioperative management,the survival rate after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma has been greatly improved,but the high recurrence and metastasis rate still limits the long-term survival after surgery. Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy has been confirmed to significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and prolong survival in other types of cancer,but there has been a lack of effective systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma for a long time,so the efficacy and regimen of neoadjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma are still controversial. PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody combined with anti-angiogenic targeted drugs has become a first-line regimen in systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. This regimen has definite efficacy and high safety,bringing hope for neoadjuvant therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently,three clinical trials of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma have been published internationally,which preliminarily suggest the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and lay a solid foundation for carrying out larger sample clinical studies in the future.随着现代肝脏外科手术技术的发展和围手术期管理水平的进步，肝细胞癌切除术后患者的生存率已大幅提高，但较高的复发转移率仍限制着患者的术后长期生存。长期以来，肝细胞癌缺乏有效的系统治疗方法，对于其新辅助治疗的效果和方案还存在争议。近年来，以PD-1/PD-L1单抗和CTLA-4单抗为代表的现代免疫治疗手段，在多种肿瘤中展现出良好疗效。在晚期肝细胞癌系统治疗中，PD-1/PD-L1单抗联用抗血管生成的靶向药物已成为一线方案，该方案疗效确切、安全性高，给肝细胞癌新辅助治疗带来希望。近期，国际上发表了3项肝细胞癌免疫新辅助治疗的临床试验研究成果，初步提示了肝细胞癌免疫新辅助治疗的有效性和安全性，为将来开展更大样本的临床研究打下了坚实基础。.