Influence of Glycemic Control on Peri-Implant Bone Healing: 12-Month Outcomes of Local Release of Bone-Related Factors and Implant Stabilization in Type 2 Diabetics

The poor glycemic status seems to be an important factor affecting implant complication rates, including peri-implant bone loss.This trial evaluated the influence of glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients on implant stabilization and on the levels of bone markers in peri-implant fluid during the healing.Systemically healthy patients (SH,n = 19), better-controlled T2DM (BCDM,n = 16), and poorly controlled T2DM (PCDM,n = 16) indicated for implant therapy were recruited. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was determined at implant placement, 3, 6, and 12 months. Levels of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the peri-implant fluid were quantified at 15 days, and 3, 6, and 12 months, using the Luminex assay.OPG and OPN levels were higher in SH at 12 months than at15 days (p .05), whereas OC and TGF-β were lower in PCDM at 12 months compared with the 15-day and 3-month follow-ups, respectively (p .05). Inter-group analyses showed lower OPN levels in PCDM compared with SH at 12 months (p .05). The ISQ was higher at 12 months when compared with baseline and 3 months in SH (p .05), whereas no differences were observed during follow-up in diabetics, regardless of glycemic control (p .05). No difference in ISQ was observed among groups over time (p .05).Poor glycemic control negatively modulated the bone factors during healing, although T2DM, regardless of glycemic status, had no effect on implant stabilization.