Vitamins A, D, E status as related to supplementation and lung disease markers in young children with cystic fibrosis

BACKGROUND: The variable response to fat-soluble vitamin supplementation in young children with CF, and factors contributing to this variability, remain under-investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine if recommended supplement doses normalize serum vitamin A (retinol), D (25-hydroxy-vitamin D, 25OHD) and E (α-tocopherol), and identify factors predictive of achieving sufficiency, in children with CF in the first 3 years of life. DESIGN: We studied 144 infants born during 2012–2017 and diagnosed with CF through newborn screening. Serum retinol, 25OHD, α-tocopherol and plasma cytokines interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, IL10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in early infancy and yearly thereafter. Vitamin supplement intakes and respiratory microbiology were assessed every 1–2 months in infancy and quarterly thereafter. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (