Brain localization of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein and its role

We have previously reported that the level of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) expression is specifically increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). The objective of this study is to examine the localization of LRG - the cerebral areas where it is expressed.The histological sections of autopsied brain specimens from ten subjects, five adult cases (mean age 43.6 years; range 34-50 years) and five senile cases (mean age 76.0 years; range 67-88 years) were prepared, multistained with antibodies against human LRG, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD31, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and reviewed for the expression sites of LRG.Immunostains of GFAP and LRG were compared in standard brain specimens from elderly patients. The results indicated that LRG is distributed throughout the entire brain, with especially high expression in the deep cerebral cortex. In addition, the cells that express LRG showed similar morphology to astrocytes. Double staining of CD31 and LRG revealed a significant expression of LRG in the pericapillary regions. The expression was observed in resident astrocytes, as well as in the capillary vessel to which astrocytic processes grow and adhere. When age-related comparisons were made between senile and adult specimens, LRG expression increased with age.LRG expression in resident astrocytes increased with age.