Nephrogenic adenoma of the renal pelvis

Rationale: Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) is a rare benign lesion of the urinary tract, which rarely occurs in the renal pelvis. Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature. However, there is no detailed report on the clinicopathological features of NA of the renal pelvis. Patient concerns: This case report describes a 46-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital for one month because of painless gross hematuria with blood clots. He had a history of hyperuricemia and a family history of gastric cancer. Diagnoses: NA of the renal pelvis was diagnosed pathologically and immunohistochemical. Interventions: The patient underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. Outcomes: The patient recovered well after the operation with no discomfort. In addition, we followed up with the patient regularly post-discharge (approximately 20 months). There were no obvious abnormalities in the results of routine urine culture, computed tomography scan of the abdomen, and cystoscopy during the follow-up period, and the symptoms disappeared completely and did not recur. Lessons: NA of the renal pelvis is extremely rare in the clinic, which can be easily misdiagnosed and overtreated. However, for pathological diagnosis of this disease, specific immunohistochemical staining for preoperative biopsy was reported to be significant, which should be considered by the urologists and pathologists.