Cell-free protein synthesis systems: increasing their performance and applications

The Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system can now be used for various proteins that need special requirements, such as disulfide bond formation between intra- and inter-molecules, hetero-dimerization, and specific chaperons. In addition, a novel protein library construction method termed "SIMPLEX" has been developed. Some applications with SIMPLEX are described. A highly efficient eukaryotic cell-free translation system using wheat germ extract has also been developed. An advanced framework for a rapid eukaryotic gene expression and analysis is shown.