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Oral Typhoid Vaccination With Live-Attenuated Salmonella Typhi Strain Ty21a Generates Ty21a-Responsive and Heterologous Influenza Virus–Responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells at the Human Intestinal Mucosa
- Source :
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Background. Oral vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a is modestly efficacious, but the mechanisms of protection are currently unknown. While humoral and cellular immune responses are well described in peripheral blood, the cellular response at the intestinal mucosa has never been directly assessed. Methods. We vaccinated healthy adults with Ty21a and assessed humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated volunteers and controls after 18 days. Immunoglobulin levels were assessed in peripheral blood by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular responses were assessed in peripheral blood and at the duodenal and colonic mucosa by flow cytometry. Results. We demonstrate the generation of Ty21a-responsive and heterologous influenza virus–responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at the duodenal mucosa. All duodenal responses were consistently correlated, and no responses were observed at the colonic mucosa. Peripheral anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A responses were significantly correlated with duodenal responses. The assessment of integrin β7 expression intensity among peripheral and duodenal T-cell subsets revealed varied capacities for mucosal homing and residence. Conclusions. The breadth of duodenal cellular responses was not reflected peripherally. The direct evaluation of mucosal immune defense may yield functional correlates of protection and could provide insight into mechanisms that may be manipulated to enhance vaccine immunogenicity.
- Subjects :
- Pathogenesis and Host Response
Adult
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Male
T cells
immunoglobulins
Administration, Oral
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
cellular immunity
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Vaccines, Attenuated
Major Articles and Brief Reports
Ty21a
Young Adult
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Salmonella
heterologous immunity
humoral immunity
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa
Immunity, Cellular
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
Salmonella typhi
Orthomyxoviridae
Antibodies, Bacterial
cytokines
Immunity, Humoral
Female
typhoid
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15376613 and 00221899
- Volume :
- 213
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.pmid..........17bc447276cf601379e5d7f6ca6a7231