Identification of breeding products and protection of breeders rights

Identification of plants species and their 'fingerprinting' are based on morphological, biochemical-genetic and molecular markers. The aim of this paper was to determine genetic basis of the breeding material from its source-population to its final breeding products, the varieties and hybrids. Using combination of several methods based on morphological, protein and DNK markers, the basic traits of genotypes such as: differentiability, uniformity and stability (DUS tests) were determined. These are the components necessary for identification of seed and its quality and protection of breeders rights. Among markers the AFLP method is advantageous being based on polymorphic fragments DNA and because of that the complete coverage of the genomes was achieved. By its combination with other methods the origin of genotype was determined at the international level and in accordance with UPOV regulations. Identifikacija biljnih vrsta, njihov fingerprinting se zasniva na morfološkim, biohemijsko-genetskim i molekularnim markerima. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje genetske osnove selekcionog materijala, od njegovog izvornog-populacionog, do krajnjih proizvoda selekcije, sorti i hibrida. Kombinacijom više metoda, zasnovanih na morfološkim, proteinskim i DNK markerima, utvrđuju se osnovna svojstva posmatranih genotipova, kao što su: udaljenost, uniformnost i stabilnost (DUS testovi). Ovo su komponente neophodne za identifikaciju semena, njegovog kvaliteta i zaštitu autorskih prava. Među markerima prednost ima AFLP metoda, zasnovana na polimorfizmu fragmenata DNK, kojima se postiže velika pokrivenost genoma. Kombinacijom AFLP sa drugim metodama utvrđuje se originalnost genotipa i njegov identitet za datu vrstu, u međunarodnim razmerama, u skladu sa propisima UPOV.