Uticaj inokulacije semena azotofiksirajućim bakterijama i sorte na morfološke osobine i produktivnost soje (Glicine max L.)

Preporučena agrotehnička mera koje se izvodi neposredno pred setvu soje (Glicine max L.) je inokulacija semena azotofiksirajućim bakterijama. Izvođenje eksperimenta imalo je za cilj ispitivanje uticaja faktora inokulacije i faktora genotipa na morfološke osobine, prinos i sadržaj primarnih metabolita zrna. Ispitivane su tri domaće sorte soje (Apolo, Gorštak i Trijumf), na parceli na kojoj je u plodoredu gajena soja, na zemljištu tipa černozem, na oglednom polju Instituta “Tamiš” - Pančevo. Proučavane su sledeće morfloške osobine i parametri prinosa: visina biljke, broj bočnih grana, broj spratova, visina biljke do prve mahune, broj mahuna po biljci, masa mahuna sa zrnom po biljci, masa zrna po biljci i prinos zrna po hektaru. Sadržaj ulja, azota i proteina, određen je standardnim analitičkim metodama. Inokulacija semena statistički je značajno uticala na visinu biljke do prve mahune, dok na ostale morfološke osobine i parametre prinosa inokulacija nije imala statistički značajan uticaj. Na sadržaj ulja, azota i proteina inokulacija nije delovala statistički značajno. Za većinu ispitivanih parametara, bio je značajan efekat genotipa. Prosečan prinos biljaka inokulisanog semena (1250 kg ha-1) i neinokulisanog semena (1230 kg ha-1) bio je daleko manji u odnosu na višegodišnji prosek, zbog značajno nižih količina atmosferskih padavina u odnosu na višegodišnji prosek i visokih prosečnih temperatura vazduha tokom vegetacionog perioda. Recommended agrotechnical measure that is performed immediately before sowing of soybean is the inoculation of grain with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The purpose of the experiment was to examine the influence of inoculation and variety on morphological characteristics, yield and content of primary grain metabolites. Three domestic soybean cultivars (Apollo, Gorštak and Trijumf) were examined on the plot on which soybeans were previously grown, on chernozem-type land, at the experimental field of the Tamiš Pancevo Institute. The following morphological characteristics and yield parameters were studied: plant height, number of side branches, number of nodes, plant height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, the mass of pods per grain per plant, grain weight per plant and grain yield per hectare. The content of oil, nitrogen and protein was determined by standard analytical methods. Inoculation had a statistically significant effect on the morphological trait of plant height up to the first pod, while inoculation had no statistically significant impact on other morphological traits and yield parameters. Inoculation did not have a statistically significant effect on oil, nitrogen and protein content. For most of the examined parameters, the effect of genotype was observed. The average yield of plants of inoculated seed (1250 kg ha-1) and non-inoculated seed (1230 kg ha-1) was far lower than the multi-year average, due to significantly lower precipitation compared to the multi-year average and high average air temperatures during the growing season.