Characterization of degradation in Crypts

In cultural buildings, processes of degradation are a direct or indirect result of unsuitable environmental conditions. We studied ancient Crypts located in different sites in Italy, showing different types of decay. Some have moulds, fungi, algae and bacteria present on columns and shafts; while in others salt efflorescence is spread along the masonry and on the base of the columns. To characterize the complex interactions leading to damage in these historical buildings, microclimatic conditions were accurately monitored. In addition, non-destructive methodologies, involving biological and physico-chemical approaches, were utilized and the experimental results are compared and discussed. Then, building location, historical background, climatic characteristics, stone typology and features, natural-artificial lighting and ventilation were taken into account and correlated in order to properly understand the state of conservation and to address possible strategies for the safeguard of these Crypts.