Kraljica Viktorija - povijest žena

Razdoblje novovjekovne europske povijesti u vrijeme vladavine britanske kraljice Viktorije obuhvaća razdoblje od preuzimanja prijestolja 1837. do njezine smrti 1901. Razdoblje je poznato kao viktorijansko doba koje je obilježio nagli razvoj kapitalističke proizvodnje i tržišta, privredni prosperitet i razvoj građanskog društva (građanskog modela obitelji, radnih odnosa, morala). Viktorijansko doba svjedočilo je reformi većine institucija, uključujući Anglikansku crkvu i privatne škole. Žene viktorijanske ere bile su prividno slavljene unutar viktorijanske kuće zbog svoje nevinosti prije braka te umjerenosti u braku. Ženina seksualnost izrazito se nijekala, a česte trudnoće garantirale su njihovu podčinjenu ulogu. U braku je dominantan položaj muža bio i zakonom potvrđen, da bi tek 1870. i 1882. bili doneseni zakoni po kojima se udanim ženama jamči pravo na vlasništvo (Married Women's Property Act) ako je ono stečeno prije ili tijekom braka. Politička prava žene će dobiti tek nakon prosvjeda koje su organizirale sufražetkinje. Pobuda za obavljanje javne službe i na lokalnoj i na nacionalnoj razini bila je vrlo aktivna sila u viktorijansko doba iako je postojala i u prethodnim povijesnim razdobljima. Florence Nightingale reformirala je njegovateljsku službu i mobilizirala organizacije dobrovoljaca. Za vrijeme Krimskog rata (1853.–1856.) organizirala je u britanskom ekspedicijskom korpusu prvu ekipu za njegu ranjenika i bolesnika u ratnim uvjetima. Nakon povratka posvetila se obrazovanju bolničarki. The period of early modern european era in history during the reign of Queen Victoria includes the period from her inheritance of the throne in 1837 to her death in 1901. This period is also known as the Victorian era. The Victorian era was marked by the sudden development of capitalist production and markets, economic prosperity and the development of the civil society (the civic family model, labor relations, morals). The Victorian era witnessed reforms of most institutions, including the Anglican Church and private schools. The women of the Victorian era were celebrated within the Victorian home due to their purity, chastity before marriage and marital moderation. A woman's sexuality was explicitly denied and frequent pregnancies guaranteed their subordinate role. A dominant position of a husband was confirmed by law. Only in 1870 and 1882 were laws for married women regulated garanteeing their right regarding property obtained before and/or during a marriage (Married Women's Property Act). Women in Britain obtained political rights after suffrage organizations fought for them. The pursuit of public service at local and national levels was very active in the Victorian era, even though it existed in previous periods in history. Florence Nightingale reformed caretaker service and mobilized volunteer organizations of which during the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 she organized the first expedition team in the British Expedition Corps for the care of wounded and patients under war conditions. After returning from the battlefield she devoted herself to the education of nurses.