ATTITUDES OF NURSES/TECHNICIANS ON THE COMPLICATIONS OF PATIENTS WITH PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY: research paper

Pravilna prehrana je veoma važna za zdravlje, kod narušenog zdravstvenog stanja je još važnija jer utječe na tijek bolesti i sam ishod iste. Hranjenje spada u 14 osnovnih ljudskih potreba, te je uloga medicinske sestre vrlo bitna kako bi pružila određenu vrstu i količinu pomoći da bi osnovna ljudska potreba bila zadovoljena. Gastrično hranjenje spada u najčešći oblik enteralnog hranjenja. Enteralno hranjenje je važno u stanjima kada je gastrointestinalni trakt očuvan i u funkciji jer apliciranjem hrane doprinosimo boljoj apsorpciji svih važnih nutrijenata. Indicirano je kod pacijenata koji duže od 4 tjedna nisu u mogućnosti uzimati hranu peroralnim putem. Perkutana endoskopska gastrostoma je sigurniji je oblik hranjenja, jeftiniji i ekonomičniji. Ne zahtjeva kirurško zbrinjavanje, manje je invazivna metoda te nema potrebe za općom anestezijom čime se smanjuje rizik od neželjenih komplikacija. Za razliku od nazoenteričnih sondi (nazogastrična sonda, nazoduodenalna i nazojejunalna) koje se obično postavljaju kod kratkotrajnog enteralnog hranjenja u pacijenata kod kojih su očuvani refleksi dišnih puteva, perkutana ednoskopska gastrostoma se postavlja kod pacijenata koji pate od umjerene do teške malnutricije. Prije samog postavljanja PEG sonde i primjene enteralne prehrane potreban je multidisciplinirani pristup, njega sačivanjavaju tim gastroenterologa-endoskopičara koji su odgovorni za postavljanje gastrostome, medicinske sestre, nutricionisti te članovi obitelji. U nekim slučajevima od velike koristi mogu biti i tim psihologa. Cilj postavljanja gastrostome je da se pacijentu osigura nutritivna vrijednost te samim time smanji stopa mortaliteta i rizik nastanka neželjenih komplikacija.
Proper nutrition is very important for health, it is even more important in case of impaired health because it affects the course of the disease and its outcome. Feeding is one of the 14 basic human needs, and the role of the nurse is very important in order to provide a certain type and amount of help to satisfy the basic human need. Gastric feeding is the most common form of enteral feeding. Enteral feeding is important in conditions when the gastrointestinal tract is preserved and functioning, because by applying food we contribute to a better absorption of all important nutrients. It is indicated for patients who are unable to take food orally for longer than 4 weeks. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a safer, cheaper and more economical form of feeding. It does not require surgical treatment, it is a less invasive method and there is no need for general anesthesia, which reduces the risk of unwanted complications. Unlike nasoenteric tubes (nasogastric tube, nasoduodenal and nasojejunal), which are usually placed during short-term enteral feeding in patients with preserved airway reflexes, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is placed in patients suffering from moderate to severe malnutrition. Before the placement of the PEG tube and the application of enteral nutrition, a multidisciplinary approach is required, which is maintained by a team of gastroenterologists-endoscopists who are responsible for the placement of the gastrostomy, nurses, nutritionists and family members. In some cases, a team of psychologists can be very useful. The goal of placing a gastrostomy is to provide the patient with nutritional value and thereby reduce the mortality rate and the risk of unwanted complications. percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, enteral feeding, nurse, nutrition