TREND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALE SWIMMERS IN BACKSTROKE DISCIPLINES IN CROATIA, EUROPE AND THE WORLD FROM 2010 TO 2019

Sport se općenito od samih svojih početaka razvija i napreduje u svim svojim pogledima. Tako i plivanje bilježi napredovanje, a što se može potvrditi promatrajući najprije rezultate od prvih službenih natjecanja pa sve do danas te promatrajući evoluciju svih tehnika plivanja. Leđna tehnika plivanja uz prsnu tehniku plivanja se smatra najstarijom tehnikom plivanja, a razvijala se od prvih zaveslaja rukama istovremeno pa do današnjih nekoliko načina koje plivači koriste kako bi plivali što brže. Cilj ovog istraživanja je analiza trenda i utvrđivanje krivulje razvoja osam najboljih rezultata plivača od 2010. do 2019. godine u Hrvatskoj, Europi i svijetu u disciplinama 50m, 100m i 200m leđnom tehnikom te utvrđivanje razlike između Hrvatske, Europe i svijeta u svim disciplinama. Podaci su prikupljeni na službenim stranicama Međunarodne federacije sportova na vodi (FINA), Europske plivačke federacije (LEN), Hrvatskog plivačkog saveza (HPS) te internetskoj stranici Swimrankings, a obrađeni su metodom, algoritmom i programom za analizu trenda, programskim paketom Statistica 13.5. Polinomijalnom regresijskom analizom obrađen je trend razvoja najboljih rezultata u određenoj godini za svaku disciplinu. Za utvrđivanje razlike između osam najboljih rezultata svake plivačke sezone u Hrvatskoj, Europi i svijetu korištena je jednosmjerna analiza varijance (ANOVA) te t-test za nezavisne uzorke. Nulta hipoteza nije potvrđena. Analiza trenda razvoja rezultata u disciplinama leđne tehnike (50m, 100m, 200m) u razdoblju od 2010. do 2019. godine pokazala je linearan porast rezultata u Hrvatskoj, Europi i svijetu. Razlike između najboljih osam rezultata u Hrvatskoj, Europi i svijetu su statistički značajne u svim disciplinama, a gledajući rezultate dobivene t-testom za nezavisne uzorke dolazimo do statističke značajnosti između Europe i svijeta, Europe i Hrvatske te svijeta i Hrvatske u svim disciplinama osim u disciplini 50m leđnom tehnikom gdje razlika između Europe i svijeta nije statistički značajna. Sport has generally developed and progressed in all its aspects from its very beginnings. Thus, swimming is progressing, which can be confirmed by observing first the results from the first official competitions until today and observing the evolution of all swimming techniques. Backstroke swimming technique with breaststroke swimming technique is considered to be the oldest swimming technique and it developed from the stroke with both arms at the same time to today’s several ways that swimmers use to swim as fast as possible. The aim of this research is to analyze the trend to determine the development curve of the eight best results of swimmers from 2010 to 2019 in Croatia, Europe and the world in the disciplines of 50m, 100m and 200m backstroke and determine the difference between Croatia, Europe and the world in all disciplines. The data were collected on the official websites of the Fédération Internationale de natation (FINA), Ligue européenne de natation (LEN), the Croatian swimming federation (CSF) and the Swimmrankings website, and were processed using the method, algorithm and trend analysis program, Statistica 13.5. The polynomial regression analysis analyzed the trend of development the best results in a given year for each discipline. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test for independent samples were used to determine the difference between the eight best results of each swimming season in Croatia, Europe and the world. The null hypothesis is not confirmed. The analysis of the trend of development of results in disciplines of backstroke technique (50m. 100m. 200m) in the period from 2010 to 2019 showed a linear increase results in Croatia, Europe and the world. The differences between the top eight results in Croatia, Europe and the world are statistically significant in all disciplines, and looking at the results obtained by t-test for independent samples arrive at the statistical significance between Europe and the world, Europe and the Croatia and the world and Croatia in all disciplines except in discipline 50m backstroke where the difference between Europe and the world is not statistically significant.