Novi oblici duhovnosti i religioznosti u kontekstu potmoderne i konzumerizma

Rad se bavi analizom novih oblika duhovnosti i religioznosti u razdoblju postmoderne. Postmodernoj duhovnosti i religioznosti često se pridaje oznaka konzumerizma u ozračju hiperpotrošačkog društva u kojemu sada postoji mogućnost za komercijalizacijom religioznog iskustva. U radu je istaknuta, u klasičnom razdoblju prihvaćena, teza o sekularizaciji koju u postmodernom razdoblju pojava novih religioznih pokreta i fundamentalizma dovodi u pitanje. U opisanom kontekstu, analizirane su novonastale pojave vezane uz religioznost i duhovnost poput pluraliziranja, tržišne orijentacije crkve te privatiziranja religije. Analizirane su pojave koje su dovele do toga da vjernik stavlja individualizam ispred kolektiva te otkrivanje novoga ispred vjernosti starome. Ovo je osobito utjecalo na odnos postmoderne duhovnosti s kršćanskim crkvama koje odbijaju pojedine moderne i postmoderne ideje. U svrhu jasnijeg shvaćanja ovog kompleksnog fenomena navedeno je nekoliko socioloških teorija koje pokušavaju objasniti uzroke ezoterično-okultne religioznost, pri čemu je naglasak stavljen na teoriju blisku fenomenologijskoj i psihologijskoj sociologiji. U radu su prikazane i karakteristike postmoderne duhovnosti u ozračju kompleksnosti i različitosti elemenata, tehnika i praksi kao i njihova vezanost uz globalnost i općedostupnost ovog svjetonazora. This paper addresses new variants of spirituality and religiousness in postmodern era. Frequently, postmodern spirituality and religiousness is labelled as consumerism in environment of hyper consuming society in which, at the moment, exists a possibility of commercializing religious experience. The paper emphasizes a thesis, which was accepted in classical era, about secularization which is brought to question due to advent of new religious movements and fundamentalisms in postmodern era. With given context, new founded occurrences tied to religion and spirituality such as pluralizing, market orientation of the Church, and privatizing religion were analysed. Another thing that has been analysed is occurrences that brought a believer puts individuality in front of the collective and discovery of new in front of adherence to the old. This especially affected the relationship between postmodern spirituality with Catholic Church which rejects some of modern and postmodern ideas. With aim of clarifying these complex phenomena, several sociological theories that try to explain the cause of esoteric-occult religiousness were provided, where emphasis is put on theory close to phenomenological and psychological sociology. The paper also shows characteristics of postmodern spirituality in environment of complexity and discrepancy of principles, techniques, and practices as well as their association with globalism and general availability of this worldview.