Attitudes and perceptions of health professionals and the general population towards mentally ill persons

Stigmatizacija prema psihijatrijskim bolestima zastupljena je od kad čovječanstvo postoji, kao i promjena u ponašanju za razliku od „normalnog“ odnosno svakodnevnog. Nekoć zastupljeno mišljenje kako psihijatrijske bolesnike opsjedaju zli duhovi i nadmoćne vrste sila zamijenjeno je sa medicinskim pojmovima psihijatrijskih bolesnika, no i dalje nedovoljno razjašnjenima da bi se znalo gdje potječe srž problema ljudskog uma. Okovi sa psihijatrijskih bolesnika su skinuti u vrijeme vladanja Francuske revolucije odnosno perioda 18. stoljeća, zahvaljujući Philippe Phinelu. To je doba gdje su psihijatrijski bolesnici obilježeni grupom nepoželjne skupine zbog svoje potrebe za obranom od strane nasilnika koji su ih zatvarali u azile u kojima se život odvijao u nehigijenskim uvjetima zavezanim u lancima i tadašnjim „okovima“. Dotadašnje primitivno mišljenje o psihijatrijskim bolesnicima zadržalo se danas, no u modernijem obliku. Danas bolesnike ne osuđuje populacija izravno, no kroz anketni upitnik i ovaj primjer završnog rada, jasno možemo uvidjeti tragove predrasuda prema mentalno oboljelim bolesnicima. Predrasude tijekom života bolesnika se skupljaju, a to vodi diskriminaciji i samo stigmatizaciji. Proces u kojem osoba zapada u samo stigmu uvelike otežava proces rehabilitacije i oporavka bolesnika od njegovih glavnih problema u kojima je sve i započeto. Samo stigma vodi lošijem društvenom, poslovnom, a i ljubavnom životu gdje je glavni uzrok povlačenje i osamljivanje bolesnika. Kako bi se izbjegao veći stupanj diskriminacija i poboljšalo znanje o psihijatrijskim bolesnicima, neophodan je sustav edukacije i podrške u kojoj osobe sa psihički dijagnosticiranim problemima imaju izvor podrške i razumijevanja. Kroz potrebiti sustav edukacije osim bolesnika, educiramo i njegove bližnje. Zbog vjerovanja da je stigmatizacija nastala iz razloga manjeg poznavanja i straha, te medija, nužno je educirati i bolesnikovu okolinu. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi zastupljenost stigmatizacije danas u 3 skupine populacije. Populaciji medicinskog osoblja specifično orijentiranog za rad sa psihijatrijskim bolesnicima, medicinskom osoblju orijentiranom na druge zdravstvene problematike i općoj populaciji ljudi koja je zasnovala svoje mišljenje na temelju medija, te vlastitih i starinskih uvjerenja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 253 ispitanika. Istraživanje je provedeno putem internetske web aplikacije Google Forms. Osmišljen je anonimni upitnik, koji se sastojao od 13 pitanja, uključujući i pitanja općih podataka. Po rezultatima istraživanja jasno dobivamo sliku izražene značajne stigme prema psihijatrijskim bolesnicima, upravo od strane djelatnika koji su u najvećem doticaju sa istima. Stigmatization of psychiatric diseases has been present since humanity exists, as well as a change in behavior as opposed to ‘normal’ or ‘day-to-day’. Once represented, the perception that psychiatric patients are surrounded by psychiatric patients was confused with the medical concepts of psychiatric patients with psychiatric patients, but it was still not sufficiently clear to know where the heart of the problem of the human mind originated. The eyes of psychiatric patients were removed at the time of the French revolution or 18th century, thanks to Philippe Phinel. This is a time when psychiatric patients were characterized by a group of undesirable groups due to their need to defend themselves from the aggressors imprisoned into asylums where their lives took place under unhygienic conditions tied in chains and at the time ‘hocks’. The previously received opinion on psychiatric patients was maintained today, but in a more modern style. Today, patients are not condemned directly by the population, but through the survey questionnaire and this example of final work, we can clearly see the signs of prejudice against mentally ill patients. Patients’ life-long prejudices accumulate, leading to discrimination and self-stigmatization. A process in which a person living in self-esteem greatly hampers the process of rehabilitation and recovery of patients from their main problems, all of which have started. Samostig leads to a poorer social, business and also love life, where the main cause is pulling and eighting patients. In order to avoid more discrimination and improve the knowledge of psychiatric patients, a system of education and support is essential where people with mentally diagnosed problems have a source of support and understanding. Through the need for a training system other than the patient, we also educate your loved ones. It is also necessary to educate the patient’s environment because of the belief that stigma is due to less knowledge and fear and notorious media. The aim of this work is to determine how stigmatization is present in 3 people’s populations. The population of medical personnel specifically oriented to work with psychiatric patients, medical staff focusing on other health issues and the general population of people who have founded their opinion on the basis of the media, as well as their own and ancient beliefs. 253 respondents participated in the survey. The survey was conducted via the Google docs web application. An anonymous questionnaire was developed, consisting of 13 questions, including general statistics. According to the results of the study, we have a clear picture of significant stigma towards psychiatric patients, precisely by the workers who are most in contact with them.