Preprosthetic surgery

Pretprotetska kirurgija je grana oralne kirurgije koja se bavi uspostavljanjem poremećenih anatomskih odnosa s ciljem da se postignu uvjeti za nošenje protetskih nadomjestaka. Indikacije za pretprotetske kirurške zahvate možemo podijeliti na nepovoljnu anatomsku građu, atrofiju i hipertrofiju mekih i tvrdih tkiva usne šupljine. U nepovoljnu anatomsku građu ubrajamo različite koštne neravnine i izbočenja te zadebljanje frenuluma jezika i usnica te povećanja obraznih papila. Atrofija se očituje kao smanjenje alveolarnoga grebena, a može biti fiziološka ili patološka. Fiziološka atrofija nastaje kao posljedica gubitka zuba, a patološka kao odgovor na patološke procese. Hipertrofija označava porast tkiva ili organa. Najčešće nastaje u području pomične sluznice alveolarnog grebena kao odgovor na dugotrajni podražaj.Terapija svih tih stanja je kirurška i može se izvesti u lokalnoj anesteziji. Neravnine i koštane izbočine alveolarnog grebena niveliramo pomoću dlijeta i freze za kost, a takav zahvat nazivamo modelacija alvolarnog grebena. Druga vrsta zahvata koja se izvodi naziva se vestibuloplastika. Indikacije za njeno provođenje su ravnomjerna atrofija alvolarnog grebena te hipertrofija mekih tkiva na alveolarnom grebenu i u području vestibuluma. Kirurške metode vestibuloplastike možemo podijeliti u tri grupe; zatvorena, otvorena i metoda s transplantatom. Preprosthetic surgery is oral surgery discipline which engages establishment of disrupted anatomical relations in order to achieve conditions for prosthetic appliances carrying. Indications for preprosthetic surgery procedures can be divided into adverse anatomical structure, atrophy and hipertrophy of soft and hard tissues of oral cavity. Unfavourable anatomical structure includes different bone bumps and distortions as well as thickening of tongue and mouth frenulum and facial papillae enlargement. Atrophy is reflected as alveolar ridge shrinkage and it can be physiological or pathological. Physiological atrophy arises from loss of teeth and pathological as response to pathological processes. Hypertrophy indicates tissue or organ enlargement. Most frequently, it develops in area of alveolar ridge movable mucosa as response to long-term stimulant.Therapy of above mentioned conditions is surgical and it can be performed under local anesthesia. Aveoral ridge bone bumps are leveled by chisel and bone planer and such procedure is called alveolar ridge modeling. Another type of surgery that is performed is called vestibuloplasty. Indications for its implementation are evenly aveoral ridge atrophy as well as hypertrophy of soft tissues on aveoral ridge and in vestibule area. Vestibuloplasty surgical methods can be divided into three groups: open, closed and methods with graft.