Vpliv družbenih omrežij na telesno samopodobo v poporodnem obdobju

Uvod: Ženska se v obdobju, ko prevzema materinsko vlogo, srečuje z veliko spremembami. Poleg ostalih sprememb prehod v materinstvo zaznamujejo tudi lastna pričakovanja o videzu telesa, ki pa so velikokrat izoblikovana glede na kulturne in družbene norme okolja, v katerem živi. Rezultati vse več raziskav kažejo na negativne učinke tradicionalnih medijev na dojemanje telesne podobe, z rastjo uporabe novih medijskih kanalov pa raste tudi količina teh negativnih vplivov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature oceniti vpliv družbenih omrežij na samopodobo ženske v obdobju po porodu. Metode dela: Pri pisanju diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovnih bazah Medline, Science Direct, Cinahl, ResarchGate (s strežnikom NCBI in iskalnikom Pubmed), in sicer v času med marcem 2022 in oktobrom 2022. Pri iskanju literature so bile uporabljene naslednje ključne besede v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku: telesna samopodoba IN družbena omrežja IN poporodno obdobje IN telo po porodu IN medicinska sestra body image AND social media AND postpartum AND body AND nurse. Rezultati: Ženske v poporodnem obdobju poročajo o slabšem fizičnem in psihičnem počutju kot v obdobju pred porodom. Največje izzive vidijo v sprejemanju telesnih sprememb,v omejevanju pridobivanja teže, partnerstvu in vzpostavitvi učinkovitega dojenja. Družbena omrežja imajo pri tem velik vpliv, saj tam velikokrat zasledimo nerealne prikaze fotografij žensk po porodu, kar mamicam znižuje telesno samopodobo, saj same ne dosegajo takšnih lepotnih idealov. Telesno samopodobo višajo dojenje, spolnost, telesna vadba, religioznost itd. Razprava in zaključek: Družbeni mediji nam s svojo vsebino posredujejo lepotne ideale neke družbe. Ženske se primerjajo z modeli na spletu, kar negativno vpliva na njihovo dojemanje lastne telesne podobe. Smiselno bi bilo razmisliti o strokovni podpori članov zdravstvenega tima. Pomoč bi se lahko izvajala tudi preko spleta, in sicer v obliki forumov ali skupin, kjer bi podajali strokovna mnenja ženskam po porodu in jim nudili pomoč, kadar jo potrebujejo. Prav tako bi bilo treba ženskam v Sloveniji kot del preventive po porodu omogočiti možnost obiska psihologa. Introduction: A woman faces many changes as she transitions into motherhood. Among other changes, this transition is marked by her own expectations of her body image, which are often shaped by the cultural and social norms of her environment. A growing body of research shows the negative impact of traditional media on body image perceptions, and more recently the negative impact of new media channels on body image perceptions. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of social networking sites on women's self-image in the postpartum period through a literature review. Methods: The descriptive method of work was used for the elaboration of the thesis. Literature was searched in Medline, Science Direct, Cinahl, ResarchGate (with NCBI server) and Pubmed between March 2022 and October 2022.The following keywords in English and Slovenian were used in the literature search: telesna samopodoba AND družbena omrežja AND poporodno obdobje AND telo po porodu AND medicinska sestra body image AND social media AND postpartum AND body AND nurse. Results: Women in the postnatal period have a worse physical and mental well-being than in the antenatal period. They see the biggest challenges in accepting body changes, gaining weight, partnering and establishing effective breastfeeding. Social networks have a major influence in this respect, as they often show unrealistic images of postnatal women, which lower mothers' body self-esteem because they do not achieve such goals. Breastfeeding, sexuality, exercise, religiosity, etc., increase body self-esteem. Discussion and conclusion: Social media and the content of social media represent the beauty ideals of society in our lives. Women are susceptible to this and compare themselves to models online, which has a negative impact on their perception of body image. It would be good to consider professional support for members of the health care team also online, in the form of forums or groups, where they could give expert opinions to postnatal women and offer them help when they need it. It would also be good if women in Slovenia had the option of seeing a psychologist as part of their postnatal care.