Razlike v količini in sestavi ekološko prirejenega mleka krav različnih pasem

V diplomski nalogi smo naredili pregled literature na temo ekološke prireje mleka in v okviru tega izvedli analizo proizvodnih rezultatov na dveh slovenskih ekoloških kmetijah usmerjenih v tržno prirejo ekološkega mleka. Pri pregledu strokovne literature smo poskušali pridobiti najnovejše ugotovitve vezane na prirejo ekološkega mleka pri nas in drugod in cene ekološkega mleka v nekaterih državah Evropske unije. Opisali smo tudi razlike med ekološkim in konvencionalnim načinom prireje mleka ter razlike v kakovosti ekološkega mleka v primerjavi s konvencionalnim mlekom. V analizo smo vključili dve slovenski ekološki kmetiji, ki se ukvarjata s tržno prirejo ekološkega mleka. Kmetiji sta se za usmeritev v ekološki način kmetovanja odločili leta 1999. Na kmetiji Meden redijo krave rjave pasme, na kmetiji Kocjančič pa krave črno-bele pasme in križanke. Preučili smo proizvodne rezultate prireje ekološkega mleka za obdobje 2010 do 2017 na teh dveh kmetijah. Na obeh kmetijah imajo še veliko možnosti za izboljšave, ki bi pripomogle k izboljšanju proizvodnih rezultatov na obeh kmetijah. Na kmetijah bi lahko bolje izkoriščali travinje (dosejavanje trave, uporaba različnih ekoloških mineralnih gnojil, …), kar bi pripeljalo do bolj kakovostne doma pridelane krme in hkrati višje mlečnosti črede. Lahko bi zmanjšali izgube dohodka z znižanjem starosti krav ob prvi telitvi, skrajšali dobo med dvema telitvama in čas, ki preteče do prve osemenitve. In the thesis, we make a review of the literature related to organic milk production and analysis of organic milk production of two Slovenian organic dairy farms, which are oriented towards the production of organic milk. In the review of literature, we tried to obtain the most recent findings, which has related to the production of organic milk in Slovenia and in the world, and what is the organic milk price in some countries of the European Union. We also mentioned differences between the organic and conventional way of milk production and differences in quality of organic milk compared to conventional milk. In the analysis, we included two Slovenian organic dairy farms that are rearing dairy cows and selling organic milk on the market. In 1999, these two farms decided for the transition to organic farming. Family farm Meden breeds Brown Swiss cows, while in the farm Kocjančič they rear Holstein-Friesian cows and crossbreeds. We examined the production of organic milk for these two farms in the period 2010 - 2017. On both farms, there are still many opportunities for improvement, which could improve production results on both farms. On the farms, they could better use grasslands (attaining grass, application of organic mineral fertilizes, …), which could consequently also lead to better quality of forage and higher milk yields on farms. They could reduce income losses by lowering the heifer age at first calving, shortening the calving interval and days open.