Seroepidemiological aspects of Leishmania sp infection in traction equidae from the Federal District, Brazil

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2019-02-26T17:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - N?dia Valesca Biral de Oliveira Peixoto de Mello.pdf: 2451067 bytes, checksum: 8baa15bc902ba124aab56edccdd0abde (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-26T17:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - N?dia Valesca Biral de Oliveira Peixoto de Mello.pdf: 2451067 bytes, checksum: 8baa15bc902ba124aab56edccdd0abde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 Leishmaniasis in equidae is a reality in the world, and this family has been described as reservoir for the disease since 1927. These animals develop a cutaneous form, of a benign nature, most of them spontaneous cure. In the Federal District (FD), traction equids are widely used as means of transportation and work, being inserted directly inside the city, in close contact with dogs and humans. They live mostly in community pens, extremely unhealthy environments, with few hygienic-sanitary conditions, which attract large numbers of insects. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-Leishmania sp. Through the techniques of Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFI) and the Immunoenzymatic Assay (ELISA) in traction equids in the FD and to describe possible epidemiological variables associated with this prevalence. The FD equidae population is estimated to be 1682 animals (SEAGRI / FD), distributed in 20 administrative regions (AR). The sample size was calculated according to Medronho (2009) and the animals were randomly selected in each AR, of which 178 (43.31%) were seroreagents in the ELISA, 197 (47.93%) in the IFI and 111 (27.01%) reagents in both ELISA /IFI techniques. A semi-structured questionnaire was used and the variables associated with the prevalence of antibodies were analyzed by Qui-square in the BioEstat program, version 5.0. The following variables were considered significant (p 0.05): sex, length of stay with the owner and whether the animals had already left the FD, when the animals were analyzed in the IFI; Sex, locality, methods of reducing insects in the environment, residence time with the owner and if the animals have already left the FD, when analyzing the reactive animals in the ELISA and; Sex, to use repellent in the animals, if the animals have already left the FD, ocular mucosa and, entered in areas with stream, when the reagents in the IFI / ELISA were analyzed. New studies that may help to better understand the participation of equidae in the maintenance of the epidemiological cycle of Leishmania sp will be of great importance and will allow the recommendation of more efficient control measures. The present work collaborated in demonstrating the possibility of equidae being infected and presenting an important role in the epidemiological chain of Leishmania sp and in the maintenance of the disease in the territory of the Federal District. A leishmaniose em equ?deos ? uma realidade no mundo, sendo esta fam?lia descrita como reservat?rio para a doen?a desde 1927. Esses animais desenvolvem uma forma cut?nea, de car?ter benigno, tendo em sua maioria a cura espont?nea. No Distrito Federal (DF), equ?deos de tra??o s?o amplamente usados como meio de transporte e trabalho, estando inseridos diretamente dentro da cidade, em contato ?ntimo com c?es e seres humanos. Vivem na maioria das vezes em currais comunit?rios, ambientes extremamente insalubres, com poucas condi??es higi?nico-sanit?rias, que atraem grande quantidade de insetos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a preval?ncia de anticorpos anti-Leishmania sp. atrav?s das t?cnicas de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI) e do Ensaio Imunoenzim?tico (ELISA) em equ?deos de tra??o no DF e descrever poss?veis vari?veis epidemiol?gicas associadas com esta preval?ncia. A popula??o de equ?deos do DF ? estimada em 1682 animais (SEAGRI/DF), distribu?dos em 20 regi?es administrativas (RA). O c?lculo do tamanho da amostra foi realizado de acordo com Medronho (2009) e os animais foram selecionados de forma aleat?ria em cada RA, sendo 178 (43,31%) sororreagentes no ELISA, 197 (47,93%) na RIFI e 111 (27,01%) reagentes em ambas a t?cnicas ELISA/RIFI. Foi utilizado um question?rio semiestruturado e as vari?veis associadas com a preval?ncia de anticorpos foram analisadas pelo Qui quadrado, no programa BioEstat, vers?o 5.0. As seguintes vari?veis foram consideradas significativas (p 0,05): sexo, tempo de perman?ncia com o propriet?rio e se os animais j? deixaram o DF, quando analisados os animais reagentes na RIFI; sexo, localidade, m?todos de redu??o de insetos no ambiente, tempo de perman?ncia com o propriet?rio e se os animais j? deixaram o DF, quando analisados os animais reagentes no ELISA e; sexo, usar repelente nos animais, se os animais j? deixaram o DF, mucosa ocular e, entrada em ?reas com c?rrego, quando analisados os reagentes na RIFI/ELISA. Novos estudos que possam auxiliar no melhor entendimento da participa??o dos equ?deos na manuten??o do ciclo epidemiol?gico de Leishmania sp ser?o de grande import?ncia e possibilitar?o a preconiza??o de medidas de controle mais eficientes. O presente trabalho colaborou ao demonstrar a possibilidade de equ?deos estarem se infectando e apresentando um papel importante na cadeia epidemiol?gica de Leishmania sp e na manuten??o da doen?a no territ?rio do DF.