Heavy metals in a Typic Hapludox fertilized with pig slurry, under phytomass removal intensities, in Campos Novos - SC

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-19T19:18:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jo?o Ant?nio Montibeller Furtado e Silva.pdf: 2711514 bytes, checksum: effd09162dc88c6c073a5293a03578ff (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T19:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jo?o Ant?nio Montibeller Furtado e Silva.pdf: 2711514 bytes, checksum: effd09162dc88c6c073a5293a03578ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 CAPES FAPERJ In the zones that produce swine, the farms have a high concentration of animals that generate large amounts of slurry, which becomes a problem due to lack of agricultural area for distribution, at the rates calculated to be used as a supply of nutrients to crops. Systematic application of pig slurry (PS) can increase the levels of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil. The HMs dynamics in the soil depends on their chemical form, the slurry characteristics, plant absorption capacity and the phytomass management. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of applying PS fertilizing and intensity of nutrient removal, represented by managements of biomass, in the dynamics of soil HMs. The levels of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Pb) were evaluated in a area with Typic Hapludox soil, after three applications of PS. The Humic Acid (HA) obtained from PS samples was characterized in terms of elemental composition, nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon-13 and infrared spectroscopy, in order to evaluate their potential to interact with the HMs. The total contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Pb was determined in feed samples, PS from slurry tanks on a finishing swine farm and plants fertilized with PS, consisting a consortium of lopsided oat (Avena strigose, Schreb.) and Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The dynamics of HMs in soil was assessed by determining the pseudototals levels in six layers (0-2.5; 2.5-5; 5-10; 10-20; 20-40; 40-80 cm), and bioavailable in the layer of most exploration of consortium roots studied (0-20 cm). The metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni e Pb were found in the feed, indicating the source and origin of the HMs in the PS. With 55% of aliphatic chains, 14% of oxygenated aliphatics and 15% of carboxyl, the characterization of HA in the PS showed a high capacity to interact and form soluble complexes with HMs. All analysed HMs had pseudototals levels that increased in all six layers of soil, as a function of the PS dose applied, and the bioavailable forms in the arable layer (0-20 cm). The management with higher intensity of biomass removal, the soil showed the lowest levels of HMs, pseudototal and bioavailables. The total metal accumulation in plants showed a positive and significant correlation with the levels of bioavailables in the soil, suggesting that the HMs were in exchangeable and/or hydrosoluble forms, capable of being transferred to water bodies and to enter the food chain. Nas regi?es produtoras de su?nos, as granjas apresentam elevadas concentra??es de animais que geram grandes quantidades de res?duos, tornando-se um problema devido ? falta de ?rea agr?cola para sua distribui??o, em taxas calculadas para o fornecimento de nutrientes para as culturas.Aplica??es sistem?ticas de dejeto l?quido de su?nos (DLS) podem elevar os teores de metais pesados (MPs) no solo. A din?mica dos MPs depende da forma qu?mica que se encontram no solo, das caracter?sticas do res?duo aplicado, da absor??o pelas plantas e do manejo da fitomassa. Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos da aplica??o de dejeto l?quido de su?nos e da intensidade de remo??o de nutrientes, representadas por manejos de fitomassa, na din?mica de MPs do solo, o presente trabalho avaliou os teores de metais pesados (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni e Pb) em uma ?rea de Nitossolo Vermelho Distr?fico, ap?s tr?s aplica??es de DLS.Os ?cidos h?micos (AH) obtidos de amostras de DLS foram caracterizados quanto ? composi??o elementar,resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear do carbono-13 e espectroscopia de infravermelho, a fim de se avaliar o seu potencial de intera??o com os MPs. Foram determinados os teores totais de Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni ePb em amostras de ra??o, DLS oriundo de esterqueiras, e em tecido do cons?rcio de plantas de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azev?m (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) adubadas com DLS. A din?mica dos MPs no solo foi avaliada atrav?s da determina??o dos teores pseudototais em seis camadas do solo (0-2,5; 2,5-5; 5-10; 10-20; 20-40, e 40-80 cm), e biodispon?veis na camada de maior explora??o das ra?zes do cons?rcio estudado (0-20 cm).Os metais Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni e Pb foram encontrados na ra??o, indicando a origem desses MPs no DLS. A caracteriza??o dos AH do DLS, com 55% de cadeias alif?ticas, 14% alif?ticas oxigenadas e 15% de carboxilas, demonstra a sua alta capacidade de intera??o e forma??o de complexos sol?veis com MPs. Todos os metais avaliados apresentaram ac?mulo nas seis camadas do solo em fun??o da dose de DLS aplicada, inclusive em formas biodispon?veis na camada ar?vel (0-20 cm). No manejo com maior intensidade de remo??o de fitomassa, o solo apresentou os menores teores de MPs, tanto pseudototais, como biodispon?veis. O ac?mulo total desses metais nas plantas apresentou correla??o positiva e significativa com os teores biodispon?veis do solo, indicando que os MPs se encontravam em formas troc?veis e/ou hidrossol?veis, com capacidade para serem transferidos para corpos h?dricos e entrar na cadeia tr?fica.