Composition of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae) in urban fragment of Atlantic Forest and urban area in the Zona da Mata, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2021-05-24T18:54:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Diego Rodrigues Melo.pdf: 6058823 bytes, checksum: 500c3f333bae474abf4ba005b38955da (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-24T18:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Diego Rodrigues Melo.pdf: 6058823 bytes, checksum: 500c3f333bae474abf4ba005b38955da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-03 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. The Atlantic Forest is one of the priority areas for biodiversity conservation and it suffers from the high levels of anthropogenic disturbances, leaving only 12.4% of its original cover remaining. Thus, urban areas containing this biome gain importance for conservation and dipterans play an important role as bioindicators. This study aimed to analyze the fauna of blowflies in a forest environment and urban area and to evaluate the usefulness of this information in the monitoring of environmental preservation area in an urban fragment of Atlantic Forest in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The collections were carried out monthly from May 2015 to April 2017 in the Botanic Garden (JB) and the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). The traps were kept for four days in the field, surveyed daily and the flies collected. In total, 25.731 blowflies were collected, with JB presenting greater species richness, abundance, and diversity, but with dominance and equitability with values lower than UFJF. Chrysomya albiceps was the most abundant species (n = 9.229) and dominant in both environments, followed by Hemilucilia segmentaria, Lucilia eximia, and H. semidiaphana. Mesembrinella bellardiana showed a significant preference for the most preserved environment, as indicated by its greater abundance in JB (n = 1.215) in relation to UFJF (n = 43). The dissimilarity of composition was observed between JB and UFJF, even the two localities sharing 85.71% of the species collected. For both locations, the highest abundance was observed in the spring and the lowest in the autumn, and in relation to the seasons, the rainfall presented the highest values when compared to the dry season. The blowflies tended to be more abundant with the increase in the day of exposure of the attractive baits present in the traps, and this correlation was positive and extremely strong, with the fourth day showing the highest abundances. The proportion of females was higher than that of males in both places. With regard to environmental variables, only UFJF presented a significant correlation between the general abundance of the fly and the average temperature. The presence of synanthropic species in both localities is a reflection of the anthropic influence and, as JB is surrounded by urban area it ends up being influenced by the human presence, whose impact reflects in greater abundance of these species in this environment. H. segmentaria e H. semidiaphana are characteristics of forested areas and were abundant in both collection sites, showing that, for the UFJF, the small forest fragments serve as an environment for the installation of these species. The presence of synanthropic and asynanthropic species in non-characteristic environments demonstrates the ability of these dipterous to seek different areas for occupation due to anthropic action. The record of M. bellardiana and Laneella nigripes in JB indicates the preservation of this site, emphasizing the importance of the conservation of this fragment that is susceptible to strong anthropic pressure and urban expansion. The fact that M. bellardiana was collected in very low abundance in the UFJF shows its repulsion to this clearly anthropic environment. This is the first study on the composition of blowflies in the Atlantic Rainforest biome in the state of Minas Gerais. A Floresta Atl?ntica ? umas das ?reas priorit?rias para conserva??o da biodiversidade e que sofre com os elevados n?veis de perturba??es antr?picas, fazendo com que restem apenas 12,4% de sua cobertura original. Assim, as ?reas urbanas que contenham esse bioma ganham import?ncia para a conserva??o e os d?pteros desempenham papel importante como bioindicadores. Este estudo objetivou analisar a fauna de moscas varejeiras em um ambiente florestal e ?rea urbana e avaliar a utilidade desta informa??o no monitoramento de ?rea de preserva??o ambiental em um fragmento urbano de Floresta Atl?ntica em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente de maio de 2015 a abril de 2017 no Jardim Bot?nico (JB) e na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). As armadilhas foram mantidas por quatro dias em campo, vistoriadas diariamente e os d?pteros coletados. Foram coletados 25.731 d?pteros, com o JB apresentando maior riqueza de esp?cies, abund?ncia e diversidade, mas com domin?ncia e equitabilidade com valores menores a UFJF. Chrysomya albiceps foi a esp?cie mais abundante (n = 9.229) e dominante nos dois ambientes, seguida por Hemilucilia segmentaria, Lucilia eximia e H. semidiaphana. Mesembrinella bellardiana demonstrou significativa prefer?ncia pelo ambiente mais preservado, como indicado pela sua maior abund?ncia no JB (n = 1.215) em rela??o a UFJF (n = 43). Foi observada dissimilaridade de composi??o entre o JB e a UFJF, mesmo as duas localidades compartilhando 85,71% das esp?cies coletadas. Para ambas as localidades, a maior abund?ncia foi observada na primavera e a menor no outono, e em rela??o as esta??es, a chuvosa apresentou os maiores valores quando comparada com a seca. As moscas varejeiras tenderam a ser mais abundantes com o aumento do dia de exposi??o das iscas atrativas presentes nas armadilhas, e essa correla??o foi positiva e extremamente forte, com o quarto dia apresentando as maiores abund?ncias. A propor??o de f?meas foi superior ? de machos em ambos os locais. Com rela??o as vari?veis ambientais, apenas a UFJF apresentou correla??o significativa entre a abund?ncia geral dos d?pteros e a temperatura m?dia. A presen?a de esp?cies sinantr?picas em ambas as localidades ? reflexo da influ?ncia antr?pica e, como o JB ? circundado por ?rea urbana, ele acaba por ser influenciado pela presen?a humana, cujo impacto reflete na maior abund?ncia dessas esp?cies nesse ambiente. H. segmentaria e H. semidiaphana s?o caracter?sticas de ?reas florestadas e foram abundantes em ambos os locais de coleta evidenciando que, para a UFJF, os pequenos fragmentos florestais servem de ambiente para a instala??o dessas esp?cies. A presen?a de esp?cies sinantr?picas e assinantr?picas em ambientes n?o caracter?sticos demonstra a capacidade desses d?pteros em buscar diferentes ?reas para ocupa??o devido a a??o antr?pica. O registro de M. bellardiana e Laneella nigripes no JB indica preserva??o desse local, ressaltando a import?ncia da conserva??o desse fragmento que est? suscept?vel a forte press?o antr?pica e expans?o urbana. O fato de M. bellardiana ter sido coletada em baix?ssima abund?ncia na UFJF mostra sua repulsa a esse ambiente claramente antr?pico. Esse ? o primeiro estudo sobre a composi??o de moscas varejeiras no bioma Floresta Atl?ntica no estado de Minas Gerais.