Судьба генерал-лейтенанта Н. Э. Бредова в эмиграции в Болгарии

Исследованы обстоятельства жизненного пути, общественной деятельности в эмиграции в Болгарии и вероятной гибели осенью 1944 г. генерал-лейтенанта русской армии Н.Э. Бредова. Приведены сведения по истории русской диаспоры в Болгарии, вновь открытые архивные материалы, уточняющие события Гражданской войны на Юге России, Бредовского похода, деятельности органов военной контрразведки СССР Смерш и спецслужбы Народно-освободительной армии Югославии ОЗНА на территории Болгарии и Югославии.
The circumstances of the lifepath of the participant of Russian-Japanese war and World War I, general lieuthenant Nikolay Emilievich Bredov are observed in the paper. It is underlined that he went down in history of the Civil war as a head of "Bredov's March" (an ordered retirement of his troops from Transnistria to Poland on February 1920). As a result of it, nearly 20 thousand men were saved from death. The materials of researches on Russian diaspora in Bulgaria which was one of the most representative, consisting mainly of ex-officers and rank-and-file members of White armies, and new-founded archive documents are considered. The information about N.E. Bredov's fate after the Soviet Army entered the country and the Revolution of 1944 has been verified. It remained unknown before. Any information about any repressions used against him are absent in the archives of Federal Security Service and Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation. Regarding Bulgaria as the place of concentration of Russian emigrants looking forward to continuing an armed struggle against the USSR, and as the field of active counteraction between the secret services of the USSR and Germany, the archive materials of the military counterintelligence (SMERSH) of the Soviet Army troops acting in Bulgaria in 1944 were studied. Based on the documents found, it was stated that N.E. Bredov was detained by the officers of SMERSH service of the 3rd Ukrainian forefront on the 25th of October, 1944. The record of his interrogation that took place on the 18th of November, 1944 contains the details about the events of the Civil war in the South of Russia, Bredov's March, an information about the staff and activities of one of the Russian organizations in Bulgaria Society of Russian General Staff officers. There are not any grounds for accusing N.E. Bredov presented in the considered materials, except for his acknowledgement that he and his fellows from Society of Russian General Staff officers had negative opinion about the Soviet reality. There is an information in archive documents that the SMERSH in the field work on the territory of Bulgaria and Jugoslavia collaborated with OZNA (Otdel Zaschity Naroda Department of Nation Security, special service of Jugoslavia), in particular, transported some of the arrested Russian emigrants to them. The same happened to N.E. Bredov, who was delivered to OZNA members from Vrshaz (Jugoslavia) on the 24 th of November, 1944. Taking into account the fact that OZNA practiced mass shootings without any trial at that time, one can suggest that he was executed at the end of 1944.