Границы неопределенности (на материале параллельных переводов с русского)

В статье рассмотрены периферийные явления функционально-семантического поля неопределенности в ряде языков: партитивный артикль, неопределенный артикль множественного числа, нулевой партитив и гибридные артикли. Исследование проводилось на материале параллельных переводов с русского на английский, немецкий, французский, испанский, итальянский, венгерский и болгарский языки. Пограничные явления поля неопределенности также вносят свой вклад в обсуждение проблемы вариативности перевода и свободы выбора переводчика.
The paper discusses the periphery of the functional semantic field of indefiniteness as represented in several languages: the partitive article, the plural indefinite article, the zero partitive article, and hybrid articles. The conclusions were drawn on a corpus of parallel translations from Russian into English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian. Boundary phenomena in the functional semantic field under consideration are additional centers of attraction for the universal meanings related to the semantic continuum of indefiniteness. These phenomena are typologically rare or “exotic” as they are represented only in a limited number of languages. We prove their relation to the semantics of indefiniteness by parallels with translations which use the indefinite article. The meanings expressed by the peripheral articles also display evident typological correlation with the meanings of some grammatical cases in Russian. The meanings expressed by the partitive article in Italian ( del/dello, della ) and French ( du, de la ) are parallel to the partitive meanings expressed by the Genitive or by the Accusative case in Russian. We also observe parallels to constructions using partial quantifiers (English some of the, Italian un po’ di, Bulg. ot -ta/yt, etc.). The so-called “zero partitive” (French de ) is parallel almost exclusively to the Genitive case of uncountable nouns in Russian or to the forms expressing plural indefiniteness. The boundary phenomena of indefiniteness also display the variability options in the field of possible translation choices and contribute to the discussion of the translator’s ‘free choice’ or abidance by ‘the rules’.