Principles and methods for isolation and preparation of plasma preparations containing platelets (PR) - how to improve the purpose and effectiveness

The clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is based on increasing the concentration of growth factors and the secretion of proteins that can maximize the healing process at the cellular level. PRP is an autologous biological material, that involves minimal risk of immune reactions and transmission of infectious and contagious diseases, and it is widely used to repair musculoskeletal lesions and skin. Despite the great potential for applicability, the implementation of therapeutic inclusion of PRP as a clinical alternative has become difficult due to the lack of studies related to the standardization of production techniques, application conditions, and/or insufficient description of the adopted procedures. Currently, platelet-rich plasma therapy (PRP) is widely used and continues to grow for a variety of clinical applications. Along with its development, there are various options in the way of obtaining PRP, automatic or manual, while one of the most reliable methods according to the literature is the method of double centrifugation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish standard criteria to be met to obtain high-quality PRP, as well as several studies to determine the appropriate platelet concentration for different clinical applications. In this context, this paper aims to discuss some methodological aspects used to obtain PRP, as well as to discuss the bioactive properties of PRP and to point out its therapeutic use in various fields of regenerative medicine. Additionally, current techniques, critical points, technology for PRP preparation, and a review of the present deficiencies of this therapy that will need to be overcome if widely accepted, are described.