Molekulární podstata in vivo a in vitro diferenciace dopaminergních neuronů u Parkinsonovy choroby

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the spreading process of loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). DA neurons are a major source of dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system, the release of which plays an important role in controlling many brain functions, including mood and movement control. The induction of DA neurons depends on two signaling centers floor plate (FP) and an isthmic organizer, also known as the midbrain- hindbrain boundary (MHB) of the brain. A signaling cascade is formed by involving a large number of transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of DA neurons through their expression. Subsequent stimulation of fully mature DA neurons allows the release of dopamine in the locomotor networks of the brainstem, which causes movement. New discoveries suggest that there is a detailed consensus among the oldest and current vertebrate representatives in the organization of DA projections. This may indicate that these pathways, which have current representatives of vertebrates, evolved more than 500 million years ago.