Soil tillage and anti-erosion protection at water protection zones

Monografija je namenjena kmetijskim svetovalcem in izobraževanju pridelovalcev o sodobnih načinih obdelave tal na vodovarstvenih območjih (VVO), ki obsegajo območje varovanja vodnjaka (VVO), zasilno zaščitno cono (VVO III), pomembno območje za podtalnico (VVO II) in zelo občutljivo območje (VVO I). Pripravili smo jo za potrebe izvajanja projekta SI-MUR-AT v okviru EU programa sodelovanja Interreg Slovenija-Avstrija 2014 – 2020. VVO predstavlja področja zajemanja pitne vode (vključno z vodo iz jezer, rek in podzemnih vodonosnikov), ki jih ščitimo pred prekomerno uporabo in kontaminacijo. Ker je VVO po navadi del kmetijske krajine, na kakovost vode lahko vplivajo nepravilne kmetijske prakse. V prvem delu monografije so predstavljene najpomembnejše omejitev konvencionalnega gojenja na VVO, zlasti obdelava tal, ki je omejena z lokalno in državno zakonodajo. Pomemben del monografije je predstavitev ohranitvenega kmetijstva, pri čemer je posebej opisana konzervacijska (ohranitvena) obdelava (KO), ki je edini sprejemljiv način priprave tal za setev na VVO. Poleg KO-sistemov so prikazani principi direktne setve brez mehanskega mešanja tla, setev v trakove in združene setve. The monograph was prepared to educate agricultural advisors and farmers on the modern ways of soil tillage at water protection zones (WPZ), comprising of wellhead protection area, intake protection zone, significant groundwater recharge area and highly vulnerable area. It was prepared for the project SI-MUR-AT, an EU Cooperation Program INTERREG Slovenia-Austria 2014 – 2020. WPZ represents source water (including water from lakes, rivers and underground aquifers) protection from overuse and contamination. Since WPZ is usually the part of agricultural landscape, the water quality might be affected by the improper agricultural practices. In the first part the most important regulation on the way of conventional farming, especially soil tillage, fertilization is described as suggested by local and state legislative. The major part is contributed to the conservation agriculture (CA), whereby the conservation tillage (CT) represents the only acceptable way of preparing the soil for sowing. Beside CT systems no or minimum mechanical soil disturbance, organic mulch soil cover, and crop species diversification is presented in this monograph.