The role of Pakistan intelligence service ISI in Afghanistan wars

ISI je vodilna obveščevalna služba v Pakistanu, ki jo strokovnjaki uvrščajo ob bok najmočnejšim obveščevalnim službam na svetu, nekateri jo imenujejo tudi država v državi. Njene številne naloge potrjujejo, da gre za obsežno službo z ogromnimi pritojnostmi jurisdikcijami. Poleg zbiranja domačih in tujih informacij, ISI koordinirajo in nadzirajo delovanje vojaških obveščevalnih služb. Prav tako ISI budno nadzoruje politično aktivno prebivalstvo, domače in tuje diplomate, medije in tujce. Prisluškujejo telekomunikacijam, izvajajo prikrite napade ter snujejo in usmerjajo določene vojaške operacije. V dogajanje v Afganistanu se je ISI aktivneje vključila ob invanziji Sovjetske zveze na to državo. Pomembno vlogo pri tem angažiranju je imela tudi CIA. V času sovjetske okupacije in kasneje do vzpostavitve talibanske oblasti v Kabulu naj bi ISI v Afganistanu izuril okoli osemdeset tisoč borcev. Afganistan je pod vladavino talibanov ob vèdenju ISI-ja al Kaidi nudil varno zatočišče. Zahodni svet je ukrepal, ko je Al Kaida izvedla 11. 9. 2001 več odmevnih terorističnih napadov na pomembne objekte v ZDA. Ko so talibani zavrnili ameriško zahtevo po brezpogojni izročitvi Osame bin Ladna, so ZDA, Velika Britanija in njune zaveznice še istega leta vojaško posredovale v Afganistanu. Večina talibanov in pripadnikov terorističnih organizacij je po invaziji prebeglo v Pakistan. Američanom ni bila po godu pasivnost Pakistana do tega vprašanja, predvsem pa to, da je ISI, čeprav prikrito, pomagal tako talibanom kot pripadnikom Al Kaide. Ko so ZDA pritisnile na pakistanskega predsednika Mušarafa se je tudi Pakistan začel aktivneje boriti proti upornikom. Pakistanska vojska je s pomočjo obveščevalnih podatkov, ki jih je zbrala ISI v zadnjih letih razredčila število upornikov, vendar ISI še zmeraj igra dvojno vlogo in tajno podpira talibane in njihove akcije v Afganistanu. Strokovnjaki so mnenja, da si ISI ne želi prisotnosti večnega nasprotnika Pakistana Indije in njene obveščevalne službe R&AW v Afganistanu. Prav tako so mnenja, da je delovanje ISI še zmeraj netransparentno, vendar je njeno delovanje vedno v skladu z nacionalnimi interesi Pakistana na tem območju. ISI is leading intelligence agency in Pakistan, which numerous expert sides with some of the strongest intelligence agencies around the globe, some of them are even going further and claiming, that ISI is the strongest intelligence agency and it has earned name state within state. Its numerous assignments prove that ISI is huge agency with lots of jurisdiction. Among gathering domestic and foreign intelligence, ISI also coordinate and survey politically active residents, home and foreign diplomats, media and foreigners. They are also listening telecommunications, conducting hidden attacks, plotting and guide certain military activities. ISI has been actively involved in Afghanistan after soviet invasion in there. Important role in that engagement played CIA. In the period of time from begging of soviet invasion till the establishment of Taliban authorities in Kabul ISI recruited approximately eighty thousand rebels. Afghanistan under Taliban government was offering Al Qaida safe place to stay and ISI was acknowledged. Western world took measurements after 11. 9. 2001, when Al Qaida carried out attacks on important places across United States. When Taliban rejected American unconditional demand to handover Osama bin Laden, US, Great Britain and their allies that year invaded Afghanistan. Most of Taliban and members of different terrorist organizations fled Afghanistan and moved into Pakistan. US didn’t like passivity of Pakistan towards this issue, especially ISI’s covert help towards Taliban and members of Al Qaida. After US tighten Pakistan president Musharraf, Pakistan started actively fighting against rebels. Pakistan army did with ISI’s gathered intelligence through years reduced number of rebels, but ISI is still playing double part and secretly supports Taliban and their activities in Afghanistan. Experts are in opinion that ISI doesn’t want presence of Pakistan everlasting enemy India and her intelligence agency R&AW. They are also of opinion that ISI activities are still non-transparent, but her activities are always in compliance with Pakistan national interests in that region.