POSEBNI PRISTOPI K OZAVEŠČANJU UČENCEV K ZDRAVEMU NAČINU ŽIVLJENJA S POUDARKOM NA PREDMETU SPOZNAVANJE OKOLJA

Predmet obravnave diplomskega dela z naslovom Posebni pristopi k ozaveščanju učencev k zdravemu načinu ţivljenja s poudarkom na predmetu spoznavanje okolja je predstavitev osveščenosti učencev o zdravem načinu ţivljenja na področju prehrane, tekočin, higiene in gibanja. V prvem delu diplomskega dela so predstavljena teoretična spoznanja, ki se oblikujejo v psihološkem, pedagoško-didaktičnem in preventivno-zdravstvenem področju. Podrobneje smo predstavili pojme druţina, ki je steber vsake druţbe, razvojno obdobje otroka, prehrano, gibanje in sedeč način ţivljenja, ki predstavlja vedno večje tveganje za okvaro hrbtenice ţe pri otrocih. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili sklope Nacionalnega učnega načrta za spoznavanje okolja s stališča zdravega načina ţivljenja ter povezanosti tem in ciljev, ki so povezani z obstoječim ţivljenjskim slogom učencev. V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela smo analizirali raziskovalne podatke, pridobljene na vzorcu učencev prvega triletja dveh osnovnih šol celjske regije o poznavanju zdrave prehrane, njihovi gibalni aktivnosti v šoli in v domačem okolju ter morebitno pojavljanje teţav s hrbtenico in opozarjanje učiteljic na pravilno drţo med sedenjem. Rezultati prikazujejo, da so učenci ţe od 1. razreda dalje o zdravi prehrani dobro osveščeni, kar je rezultat učnih vsebin pri predmetu spoznavanja okolja. Manj pa je storjeno na področju gibanja v šolah, saj so večino časa v gibanju le učenci 1. razredov, od 2. razreda dalje pa učenci večino časa v šoli presedijo. Podobno je doma, saj skoraj 30 % anketiranih učencev preţivi popoldneve pred televizorjem ali računalnikom. Še posebej je zaskrbljujoč podatek, da se ţe pri učencih 3. razreda začno pojavljati bolečine v hrbtenici, kar pomeni, da bodo učitelji morali v prihodnje v učne ure pri vseh predmetih (ne samo ŠV in SPO) integrirati več gibalne aktivnosti s strani učencev. The subject of discussion in this diploma titled Special approaches ... (sama napiši ker se ne spomnim dobesednega prevoda) is a presentation of pupil awareness about a healthy way of life in the fields of nutrition, liquids, hygiene and movement. In the first part of the diploma theoretical results are presented which are formed in psychological, pedagogic-didactic and preventive-medical fields. The concept of a family which is a pillar of every society, child development stages, nutrition, movement and sitting way of life that present increasingly bigger risks for spine defects were presented in detail. In continuation a compound of National curriculum for environmental studies from a standpoint of healthy way of life and connection of themes and goals that are connected to existing life style of pupils were presented. In the empirical part the data of pupils from first triad of two primary schools in Celje region were analyzed, regarding healthy nutrition, their movement activity during classes and in home environment and potential spine problems with warnings of the teachers for appropriate posture during sitting. The results show that pupils from first grade on are well aware of healthy nutrition. Less is done in the field of movement in schools since only first grade students are in movement, from second grade on pupils are mostly in sitting position, as well as at home since almost 30% of pupils in this survey spend their afternoons in front of television or computer. Pupils of third grade begin to have spine pain which is worrying information and in the future teachers will have to integrate more movement activities for pupils in all subjects (not only in physical education and environmental studies).