Definition and characteristic of wood

V šestem razredu osnovne šole je pri predmetu tehnika in tehnologija v učnem načrtu zajet tudi tematski sklop les. Pri obravnavi lesa se učenci srečajo z lastnostmi lesa in postopki preizkušanja lastnosti lesa, orodji ter stroji za obdelavo lesa, izdelek iz lesa pa tudi praktično izdelajo in ovrednotijo. Lastnosti lesa: fizikalne, mehanske, estetske, fizikalno kemijske ter gorljivost lesa, so v magistrski nalogi podrobno predstavljene, podani pa so tudi postopki preizkušanja in določanja nekaterih fizikalnih in mehanskih lastnosti lesa. Prav tako so tudi predstavljeni stroji in orodja za obdelavo lesa. Osrednji del naloge predstavljajo metode preizkušanja lastnosti lesa ter načrtovanje, izdelava in vrednotenje izdelka iz lesa v osnovni šoli. Lastnosti lesa lipe, jesena, hrasta, bora, smreke ter jelše so učenci tudi praktično preizkušali z uporabo didaktičnih pripomočkov, ki sem jih v ta namen pripravil, didaktično metodo, ki pa smo jo uporabili, pa je bila tehniški eksperiment. S pomočjo eksperimentov so učenci spoznali ter praktično preverili lastnosti različnih vrst lesa, dobljene rezultate pa vnesli v tabelo, jih primerjali ter sklepali o povezavi med posameznimi lastnostmi, npr. kako masa vpliva na gostoto, trdoto, trdnost. Magistrska naloga, s priloženimi učnimi listi za izvedbo tehničnih eksperimentov za preizkušanje lastnosti lesa ter tehnično in tehnološko dokumentacijo za izdelavo ptičje valilnice, pa lahko služi učiteljem tehnike in tehnologije tudi kot pripomoček pri izvedbi vzgojno izobraževalnega procesa. Wood as a topic set is included in a school curriculum for sixth graders within the crafts and arts subject. Students learn about the characteristics of wood, the procedures of testing them and also about machines used in working with wood. They also make the sample product using the skills and learning they recived in the class. Wood characteristics: physical, mechanic, esthetic, chemical and physical and also wood inflammability are thoroughly presented in the work. The procedures for testing and determination of certain physical and mechanical wood characteristics are also given as well as presentation of machines and tools for woodworking. The central part of the thesis represents methodes of testing wood properties and design, fabrication and evaluation of a product made of wood in elementary school. Students tested wood features of linden, ash, oak, pine, spruce and alder using practical teaching aids that I have prepared for this purpose using a didactic method, which was technical experiment. Through these experiments, students learned and tested the properties of different types of wood. The results were put in the chart where they could be compared and some conclusions given by comparing the connection between individual characteristics ( e.g. how mass affects the density, hardness,strenght) Master's thesis, accompanied by worksheets for conducting technical experiments for testing the properties of wood as well as technical and technological documentation for the production of bird hatchery can serve teachers of design and technology as a tool for the implementation of educational process.