The Comparison of Personal and Real Security Arrangements

Med zavarovanji plačil ločimo personalna in realna zavarovanja. Med klasična personalna zavarovanja uvrščamo poroštvo, bančno garancijo in pristop k dolgu. Med realna zavarovanja pa spada zastavna pravica (hipoteka, zastavna pravica na premičninah, zastava pravica na premoženjskih pravicah), prenos lastninske pravice v zavarovanje, odstop terjatve v zavarovanje in pridržek lastninske pravice. Značilnost personalnih zavarovanj je, da za obveznost upniku, zraven dolžnika, jamči tudi tretja oseba. Bistvo realnih zavarovanj pa je v omejeni stvarni pravici na predmetu zavarovanja, iz katere se lahko upnik poplača v primeru neizpolnitve zavarovane terjatve. Poplača se lahko pred drugimi upniki katerih terjatev ni zavarovana ter pred upniki s slabšim vrstnim redom. V diplomski nalogi so tako obravnavane temeljne značilnosti personalnih in realnih oblik zavarovanj plačil. Opredeljene so prednosti in slabosti posameznih oblik zavarovanj. Opravljena je tudi primerjava med posameznimi oblikami zavarovanj glede temeljih značilnosti zavarovanj. We differentiate between real and personal security interests in the Slovenian legal system. Personal security arrangements include the guarantee, banking guarantee and debt acceptance. A mortgage, pledge, collateral assignment (title transfer arrangement), debt (liability) assignment and retention of ownership (title) are the main real security interests. The key characteristic of personal security is that, in addition to the debtor, a third person guarantees to the creditor the fulfillment of the obligation. Real security is a limited right that provides recourse to the property subject to such a right. The holder of this right has a priority over other creditors — unsecured creditors and subordinated creditors — for the payment of a sum of money. This diploma thesis presents the main features of personal and real security arrangements, and the advantages and disadvantages of the main security arrangements. It also compares the different forms of security interests.