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Lipid-rich diet enhances L-cell density in obese subjects and in mice through improved L-cell differentiation
- Source :
- Journal of Nutritional Science (4), 1-11. (2015)
- Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- The enterohormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is required to amplify glucose-induced insulin secretion that facilitates peripheral glucose utilisation. Alteration in GLP-1 secretion during obesity has been reported but is still controversial. Due to the high adaptability of intestinal cells to environmental changes, we hypothesised that the density of GLP-1-producing cells could be modified by nutritional factors to prevent the deterioration of metabolic condition in obesity. We quantified L-cell density in jejunum samples collected during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in forty-nine severely obese subjects analysed according to their fat consumption. In mice, we deciphered the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet (HFD) makes an impact on enteroendocrine cell density and function. L-cell density in the jejunum was higher in obese subjects consuming > 30 % fat compared with low fat eaters. Mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks displayed an increase in GLP-1-positive cells in the jejunum and colon accordingly to GLP-1 secretion. The regulation by the HFD appears specific to GLP-1-producing cells, as the number of PYY (peptide YY)-positive cells remained unchanged. Moreover, genetically obese ob/ob mice did not show alteration of GLP-1-positive cell density in the jejunum or colon, suggesting that obesity per se is not sufficient to trigger the mechanism. The higher L-cell density in HFD-fed mice involved a rise in L-cell terminal differentiation as witnessed by the increased expression of transcription factors downstream of neurogenin3 (Ngn3). We suggest that the observed increase in GLP-1-positive cell density triggered by high fat consumption in humans and mice might favour insulin secretion and therefore constitute an adaptive response of the intestine to balance diet-induced insulin resistance.
- Subjects :
- endocrine system
obésité
différenciation cellulaire
régime hyperlipidique
hormone gastrointestinale
intestin
digestive, oral, and skin physiology
souris
entéroglucagon
High-fat diet
Intestine
Enteroendocrine cells
Gut hormones
cellule endocrine
hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Nutritional Science (4), 1-11. (2015)
- Accession number :
- edsair.od......1582..70415df46355c432dbbb1f757d760d12