Bog se ljuti – Bog se kaje: starozavjetna promišljanja o srdžbi Božjoj

Članak polazi od antropomorfizama koji se u Bibliji često uporabljuju: Bog ima osjećaje i slično kao čovjek, on se ljuti, ali on se i kaje. Navodi se najprije nekoliko primjera za takvo Božje »raspoloženje«. Ne samo u Hebrejskoj Bibliji nego je i općenito u povijesti religija poznato da se Bog, ali i božanstva ljute i da čovjek računa s tim fenomenom. Analizirajući pojam אף ʾaf (nos, nosnice, srdžba, ljutnja) i neke slične pojmove istoga semantičkog polja navode se biblijska mjesta koja to ilustriraju. Nakon toga se na primjeru knjige jednog proroka, u ovom slučaju Ezekiela, navode svi tekstovi koji donose taj pojam u svojem kontekstu. Kao primjer Božjeg »kajanja« navodi se jedan kratki tekst iz knjige Jonine (Jona 4,10), koji donosi paradoksalnu situaciju: prorok Jona se srdi upravo zbog toga, jer se Bog »kaje«, odustaje od svojeg nauma kažnjavanja velikog i grešnog, ali poganskog grada Ninive, jer su se stanovnici Ninive pokajali i odvratili od svojih grijeha.
This contribution begins with an anthropomorphism that has been used often in the Bible: God has feelings like a human being. He gets angry, but also feels remorse. The article first presents a few examples of this kind of »mood« God gets into. This is not only unique for the Hebrew Bible, but the history of religions in general is familiarised with God´s and gods´ anger, as well as the human being´s expectance of such a phenomenon. By analysing the term אף ʾaf, (nose, nostrils, rage, anger) and some similar terms of the same semantic field, the article specifies Biblical places where these are being illustrated. After that, the article turns to a specific example of a prophetic book, in this case Ezekiel´s book, in order to present all texts that use this term in any context. As an example of God´s »remorse«, the author draws our attention to a short text from the Book of Jonah (Jnh 4:10) that describes a paradoxical situation: the prophet Jonah is getting angry precisely because God is »feeling remorseful« and gives up his plan to punish the big and sinful, albeit pagan, city of Nineveh, because its inhabitants have repented for their sins.