The pillar from Donja Zgošća near Kakanj: analysis and interpretation of its iconographic content, historical and patronage context

U tekstu se uz kritički osvrt sumiraju rezultati dosadašnjih interdisciplinarnih istraživanja stupca s lokaliteta Donja Zgošća kod Kaknja. U novoj ikonografskoj analizi i interpretaciji reljefnih sadržaja ovoga reprezentativnog nadgrobnika konzultirali su se komparativni primjeri ukrasnih motiva stećaka i druge relevantne likovne građe. Oblik i izvorni položaj stupca, izbor motiva, kao i njegov suodnos s velikim sljemenjakom s iste nekropole, ukazuje na jedinstveni ikonografski program koji se pokušava kontekstualizirati ulogom naručitelja i onodobnoga teološkog duktusa. Predstave četveroevanđelja pod lukom portala crkve, unikatnog prizora oltara i dva T-križa na sunčanoj rozeti i kalvarijskom postolju izravno su vezane za epitaf stupca i ikonografske sadržaje sljemenjaka. Revizijom čitanja epitafa gipsanog odljeva stupca iz Gliptoteke u Zagrebu uočena su tri imena: Dragiša, Batalo i Tvrtko, a također se može pročitati kako se s početka natpisa spominju dvojica braće. U tom kontekstu pokušava se rekonstruirati prvotni odnos naručitelja i trojice pokojnika. Izvedba stupca i sljemenjaka datira se u sami početak 15. stoljeća, a nanovo se problematizira mogućnost postumnog podizanja spomenika dvojici članova dinastije Kotromanić.
This paper offers a critical review and summary of the results of previous interdisciplinary studies of the pillar from Donja Zgošća near Kakanj. Comparative examples of the decorative motifs on stecaks and other relevant artistic material were consulted for this new iconographical analysis and interpretation of the reliefs on this fine tombstone. The shape and original position of the pillar, selection of motifs and its relationship with the large gabled tombstone from the same necropolis, point to a single iconographic programme which sought to contextualise the role of patrons as well as the teleological ductus of that time. The presentations of the Four Gospels within the arch of the church portal, the unique scene of an altar, and the two tau crosses on sun discs over a Calvary base, are directly associated with the epitaph on the pillar and the iconographic content of the gabled tombstone. A review of the reading of the epitaph on the plaster cast of the pillar in the Glyptotheque in Zagreb revealed three names - Dragiša, Batalo and Tvrtko - and it can also be read as a reference to two brothers at the beginning of the inscription. This is the context for the attempt to reconstruct the original relationship between the patrons and the three deceased. The pillar and the gabled tombstone both date from the very early 15th century, which once again raises the possibility that the monument was erected posthumously to two members of the Kotromanić dynasty.