Sichtlinien und Sicherheit : Tribünenprofile moderner Sport- und Veranstaltungsstätten

For the development of new stadium concepts relevant aspects of planning are described with proven actual relations, created by a typological investigation of structures and use-specific organization. This is a basis, which is contentwise necessary, in order to be able to decide substantial initial parameters of a line of sight profile on grandstands. In that case at modern sports grounds or places of event "Sightlines and Safety" are inseparable In assistance of built examples and parameter studies, empirical investigations and a review on historical building defaults, the safety-relevant appropriate decision criteria are cleared up. In this way a planning instrument will be developped for sightline-construction, which qualifies the comfort of viewing accomodations. The requirements and technical recommendations to sports stadia changed in the process of the past decades very strongly. The desire for a higher comfort for the spectators and a better marketableness became clear defaults for new stadium designs. By the omission of many athletic careers the grandstand bodies move much closer to the pitch. This leads to the desired effect of closer atmosphere, but changes the viewing conditions for the spectators. The planning parameter "point of eye" or "C- value" become the quality standard with the evaluation of a grandstand. This is usually not further crucial in a Track and Field stadia, because of a sufficient distance of seating. By the increasing complexity of multi-functional use structures in stadium and arena the factors of influence become ever obscurer on the latest development of a modern grandstand, for example the issues of safety in pitch perimeter barriers of the "First row". Decisions and defaults from different responsibility ranges unnoticed interlink with diagram geometry of a sightline-profile. In a first step the building type is set into a historical context. The bases of seeing are described, the physics of the eye and the visual acuity criteria necessary for regarding. The moreover a sample person Modulor "EN" is being developed from the bases of the anthropometry. This way a contract-obligatory basis for a line of sight design can be represented by the overlay of historical proportion teachings, like the "golden section", with existing regulations and statistic data for body-measurements. In the next step an objective construction procedure for the sightline-determination is developed. Because of the past legislation C.E.N. Technical Commitees (TC's) defaults do not exist in a practice-relevant form to design a viewing accomodations and will not lead to its possible commitment of a qualitative comparison standard. In assistance by parameter studies within the calculation formula and empirical investigations on the examples built for the FIFA soccer World Cup 2006 in Germany, appropriate decision criteria are represented. In this connection the technical recommendations and requirements of important sports federations are analyzed and set with one another in relationship, in order to clear their dependence up and to make critical conclusions possible on the respective regulations. This work is to inform as a methodical decision basis and to serve as an optimizing planning instrument for the construction of stadia in the development of sightline-profiles for modern sports grounds or places of event.