Dynamisches Verhalten von gummigefederten Eisenbahnrädern

The vibration behaviour of rubber elastic wheel sets was simulated in this dissertation. At first the stiffness and the damping of an existing wheel was tested. Subsequent to this, optimized parameters for an improved design where derived. With this new design the acceleration in the railcar body and the forces in the wheel-rail-contact could be reduced drastically.In contrast to other studies, the complex nonlinear behaviour of radial elastic wheels was considered. The simulation was done by MBS models as well as FE models.With the FE model the deformation of elastic wheels was simulated. In addition to this, considerable measurements were done. So the simulation could be verified by the measurements.Because of the complexity of the FE model of the rubber elastic wheel, it wasn’t possible to do an FE analysis of a rolling wheel. In MBS programmes it is possible to simulate rolling wheels. The rubber model of Prof. Wahle was used to simulate the complex properties of the rubber.With this model it could be shown that the stiffness and the damping changes with the rotational speed. These effects can not be simulated with linear models for the description of elastomer parts. An improved riding comfort (less acceleration in the railcar body) couldn’t be found for the existing rubber elastic wheels. But the dynamic variation of wheel forces for elastic wheels is smaller then those for inelastic wheels. The dynamic variation of wheel forces is responsible for the polygonisation of wheels. So the polygonisation of elastic wheels is smaller then those for inelastic wheels. This can be the reason for the improved riding comfort for elastic wheels. In a second step improved parameters of the stiffness and damping for rubber elastic wheels were derived. With this improved design the acceleration of the railcar body could be reduced. But with this design the deformation of the rubber is rather large. Because of this a new design is needed. A low radial and axial stiffness causes a reduced critical speed of the wheel sets.