Klimakrise og økofilosofi

The following thesis is a study of environmental philosophy, especially normative and politically progressive kind of environmental philosophy and theory. The paper starts by talking about the so-called “deep ecology” movement, which is an almost fifty years old environmental discipline, coined by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess. The study talks about the different normative aspects of deep ecology and this branch of environmentalism tries to help the planet. Next the paper takes a look at ecofeminist theory. Also, here we find normative political ideals, especially about justice. The historically debates between the ecofeminist and the deep ecology movement are taken into account, and I try to take a step further criticizing the deep ecology movement via the theory of ecofeminism. Thirdly we walk into the territory of new materialism, this is a younger environmental discipline than the two others, but still very diverse. I focus on the branches of object oriented ontology and what is known as dark ecology. We find out that the new materialists are willing to take a step further away from the standpoint of anthropocentrism, which all the different ecological thoughts to a different degree agree upon is desired. Finally the paper will criticize the school of new materialism for its non-hierarchical ontology which leaves out the possibilities of political and social struggle. Finally perspectives are drawn towards either cynicism using the trope of the apocalypse or optimism using Ulrich Beck’s metamorphosis.