A proposal for metadata to express students' 'presence' in digital photos -Use in the determination of equality in groups of photos

In this research, we target students' photos for school use. When using students' photos in a class newspaper, teachers have to treat students equally. Usually in this case, the teacher counts the number of times a student appears in the photos. However, by only using this method it is difficult to feature students equally, since there are various kinds of photos, such as individual photos, group photos, etc. Considering this particularity of school use of photos, we propose the concept of "presence", which expresses the impact of the face in a photo, by examining every subject in the photo, and measuring the students equally using the "presence" points of each subject. In this paper, we present a regression formula of "presence" using simple and objective items. Next, we present an experiment we conducted which measured perceptions of equality of student exposure in photos using the sum of "presence" points. The result of the experiment was the group of photos where "presence" points were within the predicted "range of equality" was judged to be fair.
Translation; This paper was originally published in Jpn. J. Educ.Technol., Vol.31, No.3, pp.327-335(2007)