Japanese Address Terms in 'Sazae－san'

An analysis cencerning the address terms of Japanese is made by examining their usages in “Sazae－san”， a TV program where we can find plenty ef examples of modern Japanese． lt reveals the following sociolonguistic rules on how to address others．（1）The Japanese makes a distinction between superiers and inferiors． As the reflection of this fact， k （kinship terms） and T （titles） are used for the former， FN （first name） and LN（last name）for the latter． Furthermore， K and T are used non－reciprocally， that is，those who give K （T） to the addressee receive FN （LN）， while between equals FN and LN can be used reciprocally．（2） The Japanese also makes a distinction between in－group membership and out－group one． An important criterion for the distinction is the relationship. K and FN are used for the in－group members， T and LN for the out－group ones．Nevertheless， when the intimacy increases in the dyad， T can be replaced by LN in （1），LN by FN in （2） resulting in the reciprocal usage in both cases．