The Role of HBx Protein in Diseases Beyond the Liver

Liping Ai,1 Qing-Qing Liu,1 Yize Li,1 Yuanyuan Wang,2 Hong-Mei Zhang1 1Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Nephrology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University / Second Provincial People’s Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong-Mei Zhang, Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road No. 127, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China, Email zhm@fmmu.edu.cnAbstract: HBX gene is essential for HBV replication, evading the surveillance of the immune system by integrating its sequence into the human genome. It also exists stably in human cells by inhibiting the expression and activity of mismatch repair-related pathway genes. Previous reviews have comprehensively summarized the role of HBx in liver-related diseases. Our article complements the summary of research on HBx in diseases other than liver disease. Through a comprehensive literature search and reading, we found that HBx is expressed in the kidney, placenta, lung and other organs of HBV-infected patients, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases such as nephritis, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and gastric cancer. However, in the clinical treatment of these diseases, HBV infection and the role of HBx have not attracted sufficient attention, and there is no corresponding treatment strategy. Therefore, more research on HBx in diseases other than the liver is particularly necessary, and we hope that our article can provide some insight into the treatment of related diseases.Keywords: HBx protein, disease, treatment, molecular mechanism, explore