A Review of Current Weight Management: Research and Recommendations

PURPOSE To review current research and recommendations on weight loss and weight control and provide suggestions for health care providers who furnish weight management counseling. DATA SOURCES Scientific publications, clinical guidelines, and government sources CONCLUSIONS Research reaffirms the long-held understanding that weight loss can be accomplished only through a reduction in the number of calories consumed and an increase in exercise. Weight maintenance requires life-long behavioral change combining moderate exercise, lower fat intake, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as social support. Fad diets and medications are not the answer to long-term weight maintenance. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The essential components of a weight loss or weight management program include: calorie reduction of 300–500 calories per day, appropriate exercise, variety in food choices, increased consumption of grains, fruits, and vegetables, and reduction of fat to no more than 30% of daily calories. Clients should be referred to dietitian and exercise consultants as needed.