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Current Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Urethral Cancer: A Systematic Review
- Source :
- Research and Reports in Urology
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Primary urethral cancer (PUC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy that causes malignant urethral obstruction. We conducted a literature review using PubMed to identify original research studies that assessed the diagnosis and management of primary urethral cancer. PUC affects men more than women, is more common in African Americans than Caucasians, and is associated with history of chronic inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract. Patients suspected of PUC should undergo a complete work-up including cystoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and biopsy. In men and women, surgical monotherapy ranging from organ-sparing to more radical reconstructive procedures has adequate survival rates for early stage PUC and has been shown to be similarly as effective as radiation monotherapy, while multimodal therapy has become the standard of treatment for advanced stage PUC. Salvage surgery or radiation therapy has been linked with increased survival rates. Nodal involvement at the time of diagnosis is a negative prognosticator and should be treated with multimodal therapy. Further prospective studies with greater sample sizes and standardized clinical trials would allow for greater consistency in evaluating the different treatment modalities for PUC.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Urology
medicine.medical_treatment
multimodal treatment
030232 urology & nephrology
Review
operative procedures
chemotherapy
Malignancy
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Internal medicine
medicine
Stage (cooking)
Prospective cohort study
Urethral cancer
radiotherapy
urethral cancer
030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine
medicine.diagnostic_test
business.industry
Multimodal therapy
Cystoscopy
medicine.disease
surgical procedures
Radiation therapy
Clinical trial
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 22532447
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Research and reports in urology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ff6b34926afead68aca6c5abf1de015d